GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 01745 1961
GENEALOGY 942.3101 W714M 1894-1896
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WILTSHIRE
IrrjiMlngital anil Sntnral iistatj
MAGAZINE,
Putiltgljctr tmifcr ttjc SBtrccttou ot tljc &orict»
FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.
VOL. XXVIII.
1894-96.
DEVIZES : Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street.
June, 1896.
The Editor of the Wiltshire Magazine desires that it should be distinctly understood that neither he nor the Committee of the Wiltshire Archceo logical and Natural History Society hold themselves in any way answerable for any statements or opinions expressed in the Magazine ; for all of which the Authors of the several papers and communications are alone responsible.
CONTENTS OF VOL. XXVIII.
No. LXXXII. December, 1894.
PAGE
87
fcporl of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for
the year July. 1893-July, 1894
lemoir of Mr. John Legg. of Market Lavington, Wilts : by the Rev. ^
A. C. Smith , o
Burials in Woollen : by the Rev. Canon Eddeup .......
The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts : by C E. Ponting, F.S.A 17 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of
Shaftesbury : born 1621, died 1683 : by the late J. Waylen ....... U
Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire : by the Rev. ^
E. H. GODDAED
Wiltshire Books. Pamphlets, and Articles
Additions to Museum and Library
— T "TZ 686578
No. LXXXIII. June, 1895.
Account of the Forty-first General Meeting, at Marlborough 75
Notes on Upper TJpham Manor-House : by Haeold Bbakspeae,
L^ra^B^'c^^wyJto., found at Southgrove Farm, Burbage:
by the Rev. E. H. Goddaed Y'
The Geology of the Railway Line from Chiseldon to Collingbourne : by
F J Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey 91
Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down : by the Rev.
E. H. Goddaed •
The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury, and its Bells : by ^
John Haeding ■■
Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough: by C. E.
•o-A
The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz : by C. H. Talbot 146
Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records : Copied and Communicated
140
by Mr. A. Coleman ■• '
Notes on Aldbourne Church : by E. Doean Webb, F.S.A 15b
Richard Jefferies -Bibliographical Addenda : by Geoege E. Daetnell ^
(Continued) • •
Notes, Archaeological and Historical <
Notes on Natural History 7
Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen l*
Notes on Wiltshire Books, &c
Magazine Articles, Ac, on Wiltshire Subjects 1»»
Other Books and Articles by Wiltshiremen 19»
The Sale of Canon Jackson's Library ^
Additions to Museum
iv
CONTENTS OF VOL. XX VIII.
No. LXXXIY. December, 1895. page! Report of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society for
the year July, 1894- July, 1895 201
Notes on the Documentary History of Zeals : by John Batten, F.S.A. 203 Index to the " Wiltshire Institutions " as printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps :
compiled by the late Canon J. E. Jackson, F.S.A., February, 1851... 210
A Sketch of the History of Hill Deverill : by John U. Powell, M.A. 235
Notes, Archaeological and Historical 252
Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen „. 266 j
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 269
Additions to Museum and Library 277
No. LXXXV. June, 1896.
Account of the Forty-Second General Meeting at Corsham 279 J
The Fall of the Wiltshire Monasteries : by the Rev. W. Gilcheist
Clabk, M.A 288
Notes on Places Visited by the Society in 1895 : by Habold Beakspeae,
A.R.I.B.A. , 319
Notes on Corsham Church : by C. H. Talbot 334
Notes on Lacock Church by C. H. Talbot 342
Wilts Obituary 353
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 356
Additions to Museum and Library 365
Illustrations.
All Saints, Martin, Wilts, 17. Maces at Wootton Bassett, Malmesbury, and Marlborough, 30. Maces at Devizes and Salisbury, and Sword at Wootton Bassett, 31. Loving Cups at Devizes and Calne, and Snuff Box at Calne, 33. Watchman's Horn and Brass Badge at Salisbury, and Mace at Chippenham, 56. Maces and Tankard, Wilton, 57.
Upper Upham Manor House, 84. Articles (figs 1—4) from Romano-British Interment at Southgrove Farm, Burbage, 88. Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, from Southgrove Farm ; Steel example of ditto from 16th Century Cross-bow ; and Roman Stamp from Broad Hinton, 89. Diagram and Sketch Map of the Geology of the Railway Cutting from Chiseldon to Collingbourne, 92. Iron objects (figs. 1—5) from Saxon Interment at Bassett Down, 105. Objects (figs. 6—18) found in Saxon Interments at Basset Down, 106. Saxon Saucer- shaped Fibulae (figs. 19 and 20), found at Basset Down, 107. Ground Plan, East Elevation, and Sections of Chapel at Chisbury, 126. Plan and Elevation of Windows, Details of East Window, &c, at Chisbury Chapel, 126.
16th Century Spur found at Malmesbury Abbey, 263. Iron Key of the Roman Period found at Oldbury Camp, 263. Bronze Armlet from Lake, 263.
Chapel Plaister— Plan and Details, 332.
No. LXXXII. DECEMBER, 1894. Vol. XXVIII.
THE
WILTSHIRE
Irrjiiriiliigirul anil Hottrail listen,
MAGAZINE,
PuMts'ijrtr imtrcr fyt fiBtrertttm
OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.D. 1853.
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.
DEVIZES :
Printed and sold for the Society by Hurry & Pearson, St. John Street.
Price with Part IT. of Wilts Inquisitions, 5s. 6d. ; alone, 3s. 6d. Members Gratis-
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight Volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols, viii., xvi., and xxiv.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr David Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. cS " The Financial Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice. "
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- taries : H. E. Medltcott, Esq., Sand field, Potterne, Devizes ; and the Rev. E. H. Goddaud, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.
A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society, " that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish Registers."
THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.
To be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Haps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society, at £1 11*. 6c/.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo, 504 pp., with map, Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half- price.
CATALOGUE OF THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM, Price 3*. 6d.
CATALOGUE OF WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS OF THE MAGAZINE. Price 5*. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, however, is made to Members taking several copies.
WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-70. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., F.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 Plates. Price £2 10*.
INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of Papers published in 1891, 1892, and 1893, by the various Archaeological and Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies. Price 3d. each.
THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo., 613 pp., Extra Cloth. By the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10*. 6d.
THE
WILTSHIRE
Irrjjorolngiral anil lateral listartj
MAGAZINE.
No. LXXXII. DECEMBER, 1894. Vol. XXVIII-
Contents* page
Report of The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History
Society for the year July, 1893— July, 1894 1
Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts : by
the Rev. A. C. Smith 5
Burials in Woollen : by the Rev. Canon Eddrup 13
The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts : by C. E. Ponting,
F.S.A 17
Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony AsHLEy Cooper, First
Earl of Shaftesbury : born 1621, Died 1683 : by the late J. Waylen 22 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire : by
the Rev. E. H. Goddard 28
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles 63
Additions to Museum and Library .u 71
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Maces at Wootton Bassett, Malmesbury, and Marlborough 30 Maces at Devizes and Salisbury, and Sword at Wootton
Bassett 31
Loving Cups at Devizes and Calne, and Snuff Box at Calne 33 Watchman's Horn and Brass Badge at Salisbury, and Mace
at Chippenham 56
Maces and Tankard, Wilton 57
DEVIZES :— Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street.
THE
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
MULTOEUlt MANIBUS GEANDE LEVATUE ONUS." — Ovid.
DECEMBER, 1894r.
Natural Pistorg j^oactg
Jor tlje fear 3ulg, 1893 Mg, 1894.
[Read at the General Meeting of the Society at Marlborough, July
\$th, 1894]
a;
jHE Committee has again the pleasure of reporting the wjj continued prosperity of the Society. In spite of times which cannot by any means be regarded as times of prosperity with our Members (who, in an agricultural county like ours, must nearly all be connected more or less directly with the land), our Society has been able to maintain its reputation, its numbers, and its funds. As to its numbers : we had on our books on July 1st, 1894, twenty- three Life Members, three hundred and fifty-two Annual Members, and twenty-one Exchange Members, a total of three hundred and ninety-six, as against three hundred and ninety-three on the same date last year. [Eight new Members were elected at the Annual Meeting, raising the total to over four hundred for the first time in the records of the Society.] During the year ending 30th June, 1894, thirty-seven new Members have been elected. There have been nine losses by death during the same period, amongst which we have specially to deplore the loss of the Kev. C. Soames, of Mildenhall, who joined the Society in 1859, was a valued contributor to the pages of the Magazine, and a reliable authority on numis- matics. We have also to mention Mr. James Waylen, who has
VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. H
2 Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893 — July, 1894.
long Leon known as the Historian of Marlborough and Devizes. A notice of him and his works appears in the last number of the Magazine. Within the last few days we observe the death of one of our Vice-Presidents, Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart. ; a name which has been prominently connected with Wiltshire archaeology for nearly a century. Of resignations we have to record twenty-five, most of those resigning having left the county.
" As to finance, a copy of the accounts (which we must thank our Honorary Auditors for having examined) is printed with the last number of the Magazine. They do not present any exceptional feature, unless we so regard the handsome surplus of £17 10$. re- ceived from the Warminster Local Committee last year in aid of the general funds of the Society.
" Numbers 80 and 81 of our Magazine, completing the twenty- seventh volume, have been issued since our last Meeting. The character of the papers (some by old friends ; some, we are glad to observe, by new) fully maintains its position amongst such county journals. If the cost of producing the present volume is somewhat in excess of the average, this is quite explained by the numerous illustrations, which so materially add to the interest of the papers.
" The lists of additions to the Museum and Library during the year, chiefly by way of donations, are recorded at the end of each number of the Magazine. They include the Eomano-British objects from Cold Kitchen Hill, presented by Mr. William Stratton, and a fine specimen of Pleiosaurus, presented by the Swindon Brick and Tile Company. The principal gifts, however, have been bestowed on the Library, which has been enriched by a large number of Wiltshire books, pamphlets, and engravings, partly acquired by exchange for duplicates in the collection and by purchase, but chiefly due to the bequest of Wilts Tracts by the late Mr. James Waylen, the gifts of Wilts books and pamphlets by Mr. W. Cunnington, and of engravings and portraits by Mrs. H. Cunnington and others. These additions, numbering many hundreds of items, are a con- siderable step towards making the Library what it should be — viz., a real Library of reference for all Wiltshire matters. The pamphlets have been carefully arranged in a more accessible form than before
Report of the Society for the Tear July, 1893— July, 1894. 3
by Mr. Goddard. The list of ' books wanted,' which appears on cover of the last number of the Magazine, is printed in the hope that it may suggest to some of our Members the possibility of filling up some of the gaps which still exist in our collection, more par- ticularly in the matter of biographies and works of natives of Wiltshire. Our desire, however, is not merely to accumulate treasure, but, by means of carefully-compiled catalogues, to make that treasure accessible to our Members. A catalogue of the Library is in hand, prepared by our Hon. Librarian, Mr. Heward Bell, and beyond this the Wilts Bibliography referred to in Mr. Clifford Holgate's paper in vol. xxvi., p. 221, is making progress.
" Mr. W. Cunnington, second to none in qualifications for the task, is engaged in preparing a catalogue of the Stourhead Col- lections. A new list of Members was printed with the November Magazine.
"At the Annual Congress of Archaeological Societies, held at Burlington House, July, 1893, we were represented by Mr. Ooddard and Mr. Ponting. Several matters of interest were under discussion, and it seems advisable that our Society should continue to be repre- sented at this meeting.
" The Committee recently applied to the Technical Education Committee of the Wilts County Council for a grant for the County Museum. It was pointed out, in reply, that no grant can be made unless a systematic course of instruction in technical subjects is pro- vided by the Society. The matter will receive further consideration.
" The Committee recommends the election of Mr. Nevil Story Maskelyne, F.E.S., of Basset Down House, as a Vice-President. Mr. Story Maskelyne is a past President of the Society, and it needs no saying that he is one of our most distinguished Members. Mr. Harold Brakspear, of Corsham, if elected to the post of Hon. Local Secretary for the N.W. district, will kindly undertake to represent us and forward our interests.
" According to precedent, the Society met last year in the south of the county, at Warminster. An account of this Meeting appears in the last number of the Magazine. A strong and well- organized Local Committee undertook all the arrangements, and the Members
B 2
4 Report of the Society for the Year July, 1893 — hdy, 1894.
present received a most cordial and hospitable welcome, not only in Warminster itself, but throughout the district. This year the Com- mittee selected Marlborough as its meeting-place, under the auspices of Sir Henry Bruce Meux, Bart., our new President. Marlborough was visited in September, 1859, and in August, 1879. The records of both Meetings contain much of permanent interest to the archse- ologist. The excursions on both occasions were seriously interfered with by the weather, the storm on Clench Common, on the 13th August, 1879, being a memorable one, even for that year, the wettest of the century. It is to be hoped we may be more favoured in July, 1894. The greater part of the ground to be covered during this Meeting was never visited from Marlborough before. Eamsbury and Aldbourne were visited from Hungerford in 1867, but the records of that Meeting are comparatively brief, and so little in the way of papers describing the places visited on the excursions then made seems to have found its way into the Magazine, that nearly .all we hope to see on the first day may be regarded as new to the Society.
" We are fortunate in having with us the historian of the Hundred of Eamsbury, who has most kindly undertaken to act as our guide during the greater part of the day.
" In conclusion, the Committee urges the Members not to relax their efforts. In this county, so remarkable for its antiquities, nobody can for a moment doubt that much yet remains to be dis- covered and explained who will take the trouble to inspect the collection of most interesting objects arranged in the Town Hall, nearly the whole of which have been brought to light since we last visited Marlborough. As Sir John Lubbock said here in 1879, ' What has been done in comparison with what remains to do is really but a flea-bite in the ocean,' quoting a graphic simile of Sir Greorge Balfour's in the House of Commons a few days before."
5
fflcmotv of fitt'. |oIju ^rgg, of Jlaiid f SDingtou, Milts,
Sin a&banceti ©mixologist of tfje XStlj Centurg.
By the Rev. A. C. Smith.
N 1780 was published anonymously, price one shilling, in paper covers, " printed and sold, for the Author, by Collins and Johnson, of Salisbury ; sold also by Fielding and Walker, of Paternoster Row," a post 8vo treatise of x. and 45 pages, bearing on its title-page the following very lengthy description of its contents, after the manner of the age in which it was written : —
" A discourse on the Emigration of British Birds, or this Question at last solv'd, Whence come the Stork and the Turtle, the Crane and the Swallow, when they know and observe the appointed time of their coming P Containing a curious, particular and circumstantial account of the respective retreats of all those Birds of Passage which visit our island at the commencement of spring, and depart at the approach of winter ; as, the Cuckow, Turtle. Stork, Crane, Quail, Goatsucker, the Swallow tribe, Nightingale, Blackcap, Wheatear, Stonechat, Whinchat, Willow Wren, Whitethroat, Etotoli, Flycatcher, &c, &c. Also a copious en- tertaining and satisfactory relation of Winter Birds of Passage, among which are the Woodcock, Snipe, Fieldfare, Redwing, Royston Crow, Dotterel, &c. ; shewing the different countries to which they retire, the places where they breed, and how they perform their Annual Emigrations, &c, with a short account of those Birds that migrate occasionally, or only shift their quarters at certain seasons of the year. To which are added Reflections on that truly admirable and wonderful instinct, the Annual Migration of Birds ! By a Naturalist."
What makes this treatise so remarkable is that it enunciates the true story of the migration of birds, so far in advance of general belief on that point : for at the period when it was written, and indeed well into the present century, it was commonly supposed that hybernation in hollow trees, holes of rocks and caves, and even submergence at the bottom of ponds, lakes, and rivers, during the winter, was the best explanation of the disappearance of the swallows, warblers, and other soft-billed spucies in the autumn. We all know
6 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts.
now that such an hypothesis was untenable, yet it prevailed even among men of scientific attainments ; but our anonymous author, more keenly alive to the truth, rejected these old-world fables, and boldly announced that migration beyond seas was the true solution of the problem; and doubtless his assertion, though long since recognized as the truth, drew down upon him the scorn and ridicule of many of his contemporaries.
How far this treatise was read, and how far its theory was accepted, we have no means of knowing ; but that it must have attracted some notice is evident by the fact that a second edition appeared almost immediately after its issue in 1780, " printed in London for Stanley Crowder, Bookseller, No. 12, Paternoster Row, and B. C. Collings, Salisbury. " Again a reprint was issued in "London in 1795 by J. Walker, No. 44, Paternoster Row" ; and once more this reprint was re-issued in " London in 1814," with a new title-page, "Printed for John Brunsby, 33, Castle Street, Leicester Square," and instead of " By a Naturalist," we read, " By George Edwards," which, however, was only a rash guess on the part of the publisher, and a very mistaken guess, as we now know. The only clue to the true authorship of this book, as contained within its covers, is that with the date at the end of the Introduction (page ix.) is given the place where it was written, "Market Lavington, Wilts " : and again, at page 6 the author gives his residence as " Market Lavington, in Wiltshire."
By the same author, and at the same date (February 1st, 1780), and by the same publishers, another pamphlet of similar size and shape (pages viii. and 52), also in paper covers, was anonymously issued, entitled : —
*' A new Treatise on the art of Grafting and Inoculation : wherein the different methods are copiously considered ; the most successful pointed out ; and every thing relative to these ancient healthful and agreeable Amusements, exhibited in so clear and comprehensive a manner, as will enable those who are perfectly unacquainted with this Department of Gardening, to become Masters of it in a very short time. To which are added directions for chusing (sic) the best Stocks for that purpose, and many curious experiments lately made by the author calculated in a peculiar manner for the use and advantage of the Gardener, as well as for those who would wish to make this rural and pleasing exercise, a part of their amusement. By an experienced Practitioner in this branch of Gardening."
By the Rev. A. C. Smith.
7
And of this treatise, too, at least a second edition or reprint im- mediately followed the first : —
" Printed for Stanley Crowder, Bookseller, No. 12, Paternoster Row, and B. C. Collins, in Salisbury."
In this, too, there is no cine to the identification of the author beyond the date at the end of the preface (page vii.), "Market Lavington, Wilts " : and after the last page, on the inner sheet of the cover, the following advertisement appears : — " This day is published, price 1*., a Discourse on the Emigration of British Birds &c, &c. By a Naturalist.
There was yet a third little book of a wholly different character, entitled : —
" Meditations and Reflections on the most important subjects, or serious Soliloquies on Life, Death, Judgment, and Immortality. Ry the author of the Emigration of British Birds, &c, &c, Printed at Salisbury by B. C. Collins. 1789."
Published anonymously. It contains maxims of piety, reflections on a future state, and much self-condemnation, and shows not a little alarm on account of future retribution for sin. It bears evident marks of long and severe bodily suffering, and of a mind ill at ease, with a morbid inclination to look at the dark side of life : and in it the author, though only thirty-four years of age, speaks of himself as
"long afflicted with a violent nervous disorder, attended with lowness of spirits, and great weakness of body .... which gradually debilitated my con- stitution," which determined me to retire from the world, and give myself up to a recluse life, and close retirement, and to spend the remainder of my days in quiet, in religious contemplation and peaceful serenity." (page vii.).
This pamphlet gives a further clue to the identification of our anonymous author, for previous to the date at the end of the preface (page x.), "Market Lavington, Wilts, Oct. 2, 1788," we have the important addition of the author's initials, "J. L." Again, bound up and paged with the same treatise is another short pamphlet, entitled " Meditations in a Churchyard, or, Farther Reflections on Death and Immortality. By the Author of Emigration, &c. " : and
8 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, 0/ Market Lavington, Wilts.
here, again, at the end of a short preface or advertisement (page 26), we have the locality of the author more accurately given, " Townsend, near Market Lavington " : and the date " Feb. 20, 1789," and his initials "J. L." repeated: so that, from these two little pamphlets, we have it plainly stated that the initials of the author of the " Emigration of British Birds " are J. L. And now we are getting very near to discovering our author, and indeed, with these definite marks to guide us, it may seem strange that there should have been any difficulty in the matter ; nor would there have been, had this third pamphlet come earlier into notice ; but it was not found until after the name of the anonymous author had been revealed.
In addition to the three little books enumerated above, our author, still anonymously, contributed a number of articles on various sub- jects to the " Ladies1 Magazine " : some on natural history, some on fiction, and these, too, are signed with the initials " J. L.," and are scattered among many volumes of that periodical. I am informed that he once began a novel, and a few chapters were printed in the same magazine : and then for some unexplained reason he stopped short, and left his story incomplete, to the indignation of the dismayed editor, who doubtless would have endorsed the verdict of his character as given by one of his surviving descendants, that he was a " con- tradictory and strange man."
Now these little books of J. L. would doubtless have remained unnoticed and unknown, and the author's name as profoundly lost as he intended when he published them anonymously, if Professor Newton, in his indefatigable researches after such obscure treatises, had not chanced to come across a copy of the " Emigration of British Birds " ; and, astonished at the excellent character of the book, resolved to discover its author ; and seeing the locality whence it was written, " Market Lavington, Wilts," at once wrote to me and desired me to investigate the matter.
It is needless to recount here how often I was baffled in my at- tempts ; how the parish registers yielded no information ; enquiries at Market Lavington in all directions proved unavailing,and I had almost proposed to abandon the search as hopeless ; but Professor
Bij the Rev. A. C. Smith.
9
Newton, still sanguine of success, urged me to persevere, and con- fidently predicted ultimate triumph : and sure enough I had no sooner addressed a letter of enquiry to the Editors of the two principal local newspapers, the " Devizes Gazette " and " Devizes Advertiser " when a Mr. and Mrs. Brown, of Market Lavington, replied, and gave the welcome information that the unknown author was Mr. John Legg, and this was soon afterwards corroborated by two other independent witnesses, who very kindly wrote to the same effect.
The name of our author once ascertained, of course it was easy to follow up his history so far as it could be gathered, though very meagre and scanty are all the particulars I could gain. Indeed the marble tablet, erected to his memory in the chancel of Market Lavington Church, gives the chief details as follows : — " Sacred to the memory of J ohn Legg, son of the late Richard and Jane Legg of this town, who departed this life April 5th 1802 aged 47," and then follow the names of his sisters, " Jane Legg, who died Nov. 14th, 1816 aged 68." "Mary Legg, who died Deer. 29, 1830, aged 80." And " Elizabeth (widow of the Rev. John Palmer, Vicar of Fordington, Dorset), who died Nov. 13, 1829, aged 71."
The property which once belonged to our author at Market Lavington still remains in the possession of his family, and though there are no members of it who bear his name now residing in the parish, the lands and houses are still owned by a lady of advanced age, whose mother before her marriage bore the name of Legg ; and at her decease will, I understand, revert to one of the same name, his great nephew, Mr. Henry J. Legge, now residing at Hollyfield, Surbiton Hill, Surrey, where I believe the family have for gene- rations been settled.
The only other relatives of whom I can learn anything were his brother the Rev. Joseph Legg, who was for about fifty-four years Perpetual Curate of Maddington, also his son, Richard Henry Legge (nephew to our author) ; and his niece, the late Mrs. Fowle, of Market Lavington, whose sole surviving child (Mrs. Ludlow, of Dorchester) at present holds the Legg property at Market Lavington.
It has been stated that John Legg belonged to a branch of the
10 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilis.
Dartmouth family, and it may have been so, but I can find no evidence of it. It is true that the Dartmouth coat of arms and crest may be seen surmounting one of the monuments of the Legges in Market Lavington Church, but these were added in comparatively recent times by one of the family then residing in the parish, who asserted a connection, though (so far as we can ascertain) without authority. There may, however, have been grounds for such assertion which we have failed to trace. At any rate the present members of the family repudiate such claim. Lord Dartmouth is not aware that any branch of his family had settled in "Wiltshire^ and the present representative of our author (Mr. Henry Legge) expressly says " we never claimed any relationship with the Dart- mouth family." That the name of the Dartmouth family is spelt Legge, and our author signed himself Legg, is quite immaterial to the point in question, as such variations in spelling were common with our ancestors : moreover, as I am informed by Mr. Legge, of Surbiton, the final e, though dropped for some years, was originally added, and was again resumed, and has been in use in his family for more than ninety years.
To return to our author, Mr. John Legg. When he published his two treatises on the " Emigration of British Birds," and on " Grafting and Inoculation of Plants," he was only 25 years of age. He lived and died a bachelor, and for some time at least, if not to the end of his short life, his sisters lived with him. He appears to have had no profession, but to have devoted himself in his early years to the study of Nature ; and he is reported by his descendants to have practised the art of grafting and inoculation of trees in his own garden at Lavington : but in the latter part of his life, for he died in middle age, he was absorbed in religious speculations ; and he appears to have latterly given way to melancholy thoughts and unhappy broodings, to which he was doubtless predisposed by much infirmity of body. Family tradition reports that towards the end of his life he shut himself up almost completely, seldom moving beyond his garden, where he indulged in reveries, and mused in solitude : nay, so persistently did he shun the society of his fellows that he objected to be seen in the village street, and to avoid
By the Fev. A. C. Smith.
11
observation be is said to have made a private path to the Church, by which be could go unseen by any : and even when a young relative was taken by her mother to visit him, all she ever saw of the recluse was his pigtail as he darted upstairs to avoid the interview. His nephew, too, recorded that he never saw him but once, and that then he never spoke to him.
These, I regret to say, are all the authentic particulars I am able to collect about our author's life and family. I admit that he was somewhat eccentric : but that he was at the same time a man of superior intellect is evidenced by his books, and by the correct con- clusions to which diligent investigation brought him : and the more on that account is it to be regretted that a larger work, of which he gives notice in his treatise on " Emigration of Birds," is not to be found either in print or MS. And yet for the assurance that such a work was written and indeed ready for the press, we have his own word : for he says : —
" Those who are desirous of being more particularly acquainted with the natural history of the Snipe, and other British Birds, should consult a work en- titled, A new and complete Natural History of British Birds, which, with great labour and expense, we have compiled. This performance is not yet pub- lished, but it is now going to the press, and will appear in a short time .... A curious, particular, and accurate account is given of every bird found in Great Britain, whether aquatic, migratory, or local ; and every thing relating to the nature of birds in general, is treated of in as entertaining a manner as the nature of the subject would allow. In short, we think we may style it, A new and complete system of British Ornithology. See more of the particulars of this work in the Ladies Magazine for October, 1779, page 528." (p. 36.)
And again of the same book he says : —
" It is a work which has lain by me finished some years, but has not yet been published .... It 'will be comprised in two large volumes octavo, and will speedily appear. The publication of this performance has been purposely delayed, in order that it may be rendered as perfect and complete as possible." (p. 21.)
Of what interest to the British ornithologist would such a work by so accurate an observer, and at that date, be ! Of what tenfold, nay, of what infinite interest to the Wiltshire ornithologist ! ! Then we should know something definite of the Birds of Wilts in 1780.
12 Memoir of Mr. John Legg, of Market Lavington, Wilts.
What valuable information we should gain in regard to the hawks and other birds of prey, then so abundant, now so nearly extermi- nated ! What accounts of the Common Kite, then to be seen evepy day, now altogether banished from the county ! What personal experiences of the Great Bustard, then frequenting the downs just above Market Lavington, and all Salisbury Plain, at tha£ time for the most part an unbroken tract of pasture ! What reminiscences of the Dotterel, even within my recollection to be seen on those same downs, but now very rarely met with ! How familiar he must have been with the peregrine, the hen harrier, the marsh harrier, the buzzard, the raven, the great plover, the bittern, and many others, now so seldom seen in the county ! ! As 1 picture to myself the solitude of those vast plains and downs, when the tinkle of the sheep- bell was the only sound telling of man's occupation ; when the whistle of the steam engine was yet unknown ; when wheat-hoeing in the spring (so destructive to such birds as nest on the ground) was not yet practised ; when the sportsman's only weapon was a flint-lock gun, and breech-loaders and even percussion caps had not been invented ; and when to " shoot flying " was an art only mastered by a select few ; our wild birds enjoyed such security and freedom from disturbance as one can hardly realize now. And our author must have learned his experience of Wiltshire ornithology under these happy conditions ; and I repeat that his " History of British Birds " would be to the Wiltshire naturalist almost invaluable. And it is possible, though perhaps hardly probable, that the MS. still exists : for it is strange how old MSS. which have lain neglected and unknown for years in some cupboard or box, do occasionally come to light ; and in many a remote country house there are stores of documents, generally perhaps of little interest, but sometimes of surpassing value, and such would doubtless be this work in question, which we know to have been ready for the press in 1780. Should that MS. still exist, it will, I think, be eventually recovered, for the late Rev. Edward Ludlow (into whose keeping all the papers be- longing to that branch of the family came) was happily (as I am assured by his executor) one who never destroyed any document, not even an ordinary letter ; and that executor (Mr. Hungerford
By the Rev. A. C. Smith.
13
Ludlow Bruges) lias promised, when opportunity offers, to make a oareful search, and use every effort to discover the missing MS.
By the kindness of Mr. John Watson Taylor I have seen the probate of the will of John Legg, dated April 10th, 1786. It is exceedingly short, and indeed is contained in some half-dozen lines. But the postscript, or codicil, which is three times as long as the will, is valuable, in that while it makes mention of the three hooks which he wrote (viz., the two hooks on natural history and that on religion) it altogether omits any mention of the " History of British Birds," of which he had elsewhere written in such high terms. And this silence corroborates, we fear, the tradition in the family, that for some unknown reason, its author subsequently became dissatisfied with that work, so that it is probable it was never printed, though it ma}T still perchance exist in MS.
It only remains for me to thank the many kind friends who have interested themselves in this enquiry and supplied me with many scraps of information ; and more especially am I indebted to the active cooperation of the clever young lady at Clyffe Hall, in the parish of Market Lavington, who has gathered for me all the details to be gained in that locality.
Old Park,
August nth, 1894.
trials m ffloolkiL
By the Rev. Canon E. P. Eddkup,
^| HOSE who take an interest in looking from time to time into our parish registers may have observed in the entries of burial between the years 1678 — 1725 a notice that those buried were buried in woollen, or in sheep's wool only, and that an affidavit was brought to that effect : perhaps to some a few words of ex- planation may not be unacceptable.
14
Burials in Woollen.
In this parish (Bremhill) the entries are made by themselves in a long narrow book, of paper bonnd in parchment, 6in. wide by nearly 15in. long. The affidavits are generally given under the hand of some one or other of the clergy of the neighbouring parishes, Calne, Hilmerton (Hilmarton), Christian Malford, Sutton Benger, &c. In 1692 an affidavit is brought, under the hand of Sir George Hungerford, one of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace ; and in 1709, an affidavit under the hand of Thos. Long, one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace. Sometimes it is noted that no affidavit is brought, as in the entry of the burial, April 30th, 1698, of George Hungerford, Esq., to whom there is an elaborate monu- ment in the chancel of Bremhill Church : in these cases a note is added that the omission was certified to the churchwardens.
In 1711, after the entry that a notification had been given that no affidavit had been brought, there is a further entry (Oct. 14th) three weeks after the burial, that the affidavit was brought after all, " which by neglect had been laid in Win. Smith's J unr. his window." 1
In 1666 (18 Car. ii., c. iv.) a short Act of two clauses was passed ] directing that no one should be buried in any sort of grave clothes ' that were not entirely composed of wool, under a penalty of five 1 pounds : but as this Act was not found to be sufficient, a longer 1 Act was passed in 1678 (30 Car., ii., c. iii.,) which recites the previous 1 Act, and declares that it was intended for the " lessening the Im- i portation of Linnen from beyond the seas and the encouragement 1 of the Woollen and Paper Manufacturers of this Kingdom." 1
Section ii. enacts that " Noe Corps of any person or persons shall a be buried in any Shirt Shift Sheete or Shroud or any thing what- t soever made or mingled with Flax Hempe Silke Haire Cold or I Silver or any Stuffe or thing other than what is made of Sheeps' t Wooll onely, or be putt in any coffin lined or faced with any sort of Cloath or Stuff e or any other thing whatsoever that is made of li any Materiall but Sheep's Wooll onely, upon paine of the forfeiture t] of five pounds of lawfull Money of England, &c." Other sections K enact that persons in holy orders are to keep a register : that an » affidavit is to be brought, this affidavit to be made before a justice k of the peace for the county or other person authorized by the Act. A
By the Rev. Canon Eddrup.
15
Half of the penalty is to go to the poor of the parish and half to the informer. Section viii. re-enacts the second clause of the Act of 1666, which declared that in the case of persons dying of the plague no penalty should he incurred although they were not buried in such manner as was directed by the Act. Section ix. appoints that *k this Act shall be publiquely read upon the first Sunday after the Feast of St. Bartholomew every yeare for seaven yeares next following, presently after Divine Service."
An illustration of the observance of this Act may be found in an amusing book of travels of this period, written in French and translated into English. In 1698 there was published at the Hague a volume in small Svo by H. M. de V., i.e., Henri Misson de Valbourg; it became popular enough to obtain translation into English, and in 1719 it came out in London as " M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in his Travels over England, &c, disposed in Alphabetical Order, written originally in French and translated by Mr. Ozell." This work is dedicated to Sir James Bateman, and in the preface (p. vii.) the translator, relating an interview which he had had with Sir James, says, " I told him I had heard his Son was a perfect gentleman, even without being vicious." There are many curious and amusing observations on such points relating to manners and customs as might attract the notice of a foreigner : such as the choosing kings and queens on Twelfth Night; the making mince pies at Christmas, of the composition of which delicacy he gives an elaborate account ; ceremonies observed at marriages and funerals, such as the carrying of a sprig of rosemary in the hand, which each person threw in after the coffin. Sir Henry Ellis has frequently availed himself of Misson's Travels in his notes to his edition of Brand's Popular Antiquities.
Among other things Misson is struck with this, as it seems to him, strange custom of burying in woollen, about which he says (p. 88 : in the French edition, p. 130), " There is an Act of Parlia- ment which ordains that the dead shall be buried in a woollen stuff which is a kind of thin bays, which they call flannel ; nor is it lawful to use the least needleful of thread or silk. (The intention of this Act is for the encouragement of the woollen manufacture.) This
10
Burials in Woollen.
shift is always white ; but there are different sorts of it as to fineness, and consequently of different prices. To make these dresses is a particular trade and there are many that sell nothing else." The shirt for a man " has commonly a sleeve purfled about the wrists and the slit of the shirt done in the same manner. This should be at least half a foot longer than the body that the feet of the deceased may be wrapped in it as in a bag. Upon the head they put a cap which they fasten with a very broad chin-cloth, with gloves on the hands, and a cravat round the neck, all of woollen. The women
have a kind of head-dress with a forehead cloth That
the body may ly the softer, some put a lay of bran about 4in. thick at the bottom of the coffin. The coffin is sometimes very magni- ficent. The body is visited to see that it is buried in flannel, and that nothing is sewed with thread. They let it lye three or four days."
Pope, in his Moral Essays (Ep., i., 246 — 251), when giving ex- amples of the ruling passion strong in death, thus refers to the custom :—
" Odious ! in woollen ! 'twould a saint provoke, Were the last words that poor Narcissa spoke : No, let a charming chintz and Brussels lace Wrap my cold limbs, and shade my lifeless face : One would not, sure, be frightful when one's dead : And — Betty — give this cheek a little red."
The mistress was the celebrated Mrs. Oldfield; the maid, Mrs. Saunders, her friend, also a clever actress.
It would seem that some were much too fashionable to comply with this regulation about burying in woollen ; and in these cases it was, I believe, the custom that a servant of the household, or someone to whom it was desired to offer a gratuity, should go and give the information that the law had not been complied with, and receive half of the penalty ; while the other half of the five pounds was distributed to the poor.
17
% Cfjurc| of p Mntz, partiit, Wilts.
By C. E. Posting, F.S.A.
p^KpHIS Church is one of very great archaeological interest, and *ne structure has been little interfered with by recent resto- ration. The plan consists of chancel and nave with a north aisle (or chapel) to both, a chapel and a porch on the south of the nave, and a western tower with spire.
The westernmost part of the nave was the entire nave of a small Norman Church, the walls of which have been modified by subse- quent alterations, but not demolished, and it forms the nucleus of the present Church. The limits of this nave can be clearly traced by a quoin on the north side near the aisle ; it was about 24ft. by 17ft. inside the walls, and the height is indicated by the drip course on the tower. The nave had the usual arrangement of a doorway both on the north and the south, in about the centre of its length, and the evidence of these is strong corroboration of that afforded by the quoin above referred to, the latter marking the length eastwards, The remains of the now built-up doorway on the north side (in- cluding a flat tympanum) indicate a period of about 1080 ; the south door has given way to one of lofty proportions but uncertain date (? fourteenth century) in the same position. The Norman work has neither buttress nor plinth.
Against the Norman nave a western tower was erected during the first quarter of the thirteenth century ; this was two stages in height, extending to the top of the present middle stage, and had three buttresses on each of the three outside faces, of which the following only remain intact, the remainder having been since altered : —
On west. The middle one and the one near the north-west angle, each with one set-off at mid-height.
On north. The one near the north-west angle, with one set-off.
On south. The middle one only — this is flatter than the rest, and has no set-off.
VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. C
18
The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wills.
The coeval archway into the nave remains intact ; it consists of two orders of chamfers, the inner one springing from pier-shafts with moulded caps and "bases. In the west wall of the lower stage was a small square-headed window on each side of the central buttress — one of these has been altered, as referred to later. The upper stage of this early tower had lancets in the west and south walls only ; the former remains intact, but the latter can only be seen by a trace inside. The steep pitch of the drip course on the east face of the tower is strong testimony to its having been formed to follow the lines of a Norman nave roof then existing. A small two- light window was inserted in the Norman south wall of the nave (now between porch and chapel) near the end of the thirteenth century.
The next alteration of the Church was the re-building of the chancel, and with it, doubtless, the extension of the nave to its present length ; but the evidence of the latter has been destroyed in the addition of subsequent chapels (or the nave might have been lengthened at an earlier period when the small south window above referred to was inserted) . The chancel dates from very early in the fourteenth century, and no subsequent alterations in the walls have been made other than the insertion of a piscina and of the archway and squint into the chapel ; the archway opening from the nave has two orders of chamfers carried round arch and jambs, the inner one having a curious small moulded impost or cap — no base is visible, but this probably exists below the raised floor. There are two two-light windows, each with trefoil in the tracery, in the south wall with a priests' door between them ; a similar window exists in the north wall of the sanctuary. The east window is a three-light one of coeval date, with three circles in the tracery, and it is re- markable that there is no cusping to the tracery of either window.
The roof is at present ceiled underneath, but the fourteenth century moulded plate is visible, and there is every reason to suppose that the trussed-rafter roof of that period exists. There are no buttresses or plinth to this work.
At near the end of the fourteenth century the south porch was added to the nave, and transept chapels, each of one bay, were erected on the north and south of the nave, commencing at near the
By C. E. Pouting, F.S.A.
19
end of the Norman work and extending in width about half-way between this and the chancel. The archways opening into the nave are of two orders of chamfers, the outer carried down to the floor and the inner dying out on the jamb. The south chapel remains unaltered — it has diagonal buttresses at the angles, and a three-light window with flowing tracery in the south gable. In the south wall is a richly-moulded piscina with ogee cusped arch, a square bowl partially cut away, and an added wood shelf. The existence of this feature here indicates the dedication of the chapel as a chantry. The original roof remains, with moulded tie-beam and central king- post with braces.
Late in the fifteenth century (circa 1490 — 1500) the north chapel was extended in length to overlap part of the chancel and converted into an adjunct more resembling an aisle with roof running east and west instead of transept- wise as before, a second arch being inserted in the wall of the nave eastward of the original one (a flat pier being left between them), and a corresponding one in the north wall of the chancel. In carrying out these alterations the fourteenth century walls appear to have been re-built (or re-faced), for, like the rest of the work of this chapel, they have no buttresses ; the external masonry throughout is the same coursed stone and flint work, and the same plinth mould is carried round. But the north and west windows were re-inserted in their former positions ; thus, although the west wall became a gable under the new plan, the same low two-light square-headed window which formerly came under the «aves was retained, and kept at its low level, and a new two-light square-headed window of the type prevailing at the date of the alteration placed over, but not central with it, making a curious two-storey arrangement ; then the three-light window in the north wall was replaced opposite the arch, as it would have originally existed when in the centre of the north gable of the transept chapel. The rest of the work in this aisle chapel is of the late and somewhat de- based type of Perpendicular prevailing early in the sixteenth century. Th8 doorway in the north wall and the east window of three lights have four-centred arches, and the latter is without cusps in the tracery. The waggon-head roof still remains. In the north wall of this
c 2
1
20 The Church of All Saints, Martin, Wilts.
chapel (not central with either of the two easternmost bays, nor quite opposite the pier coming between them) is a very remarkable recessed five-light bay window of quite a domestic type, but coeval with the enlargement of the chapel, and like the east window there is no cusping in the head ; it projects on the outside and is roofed transversely with the rest, the recess is carried to the floor inside (not like the somewhat similar specimen at North Bradley, where it stops at the sill level, forming the mensa of a tomb) and is separated from the chapel by an archway of the same type as the two opening into the nave and chancel, respectively. These arches of two orders of chamfers spring from pier shafts with moulded capitals of debased type, and the centre from which they are described is below the cap level. There are two small crosses cut on the abaci of the caps to the bay. A squint was formed at this time between the chapel and the chancel, directed towards the high altar, and a large piscina with square sunk bowl (without projection beyond the wall) was inserted in the south wall of the chancel.
j
At about the same time important alterations were made in the nave. The walls were raised to their present level (the coursed flint and stonework clearly distinguishes this from the Norman work on the south side), and the waggon-head roof of four bays with tie- beams and plaster panels, which now remains, was put on. The westernmost window on the north side, without cusping, label, or inner arch, was also inserted ; it has since lost its mullions. The I other window in this wall is an earlier insertion {circa 1430) and has an outside label mould and inside arch, but it, too, is now without I mullions or tracery. [The easternmost window in the south wall of the nave is a modern insertion.]
In spite of the tower having already shown serious signs of settlements, the builders in the first half of the fifteenth century did not hesitate to raise it by one stage, and upon this to erect a stone spire, but before doing so they proceeded to strengthen the I thirteenth century substructure, the foundations of which were very defective. Underpinning of existing walls does not seem to have been ^practised in the mediaeval period, but instead of it one fre- quently meets with immense buttresses and ties, which must have
By C. E Pontivg, F.S.A.
21
been much more costly. In this case, although the state of the earlier foundations mnst have been discovered in strengthening the buttresses (which are carried deeper), they were let alone, and the following works were done : — a large piece of the south-west angle was re-built (advantage being taken of this to insert a two-light window in the west wall south of the central buttress), the two adjacent buttresses were taken down and a diagonal one erected ; the middle buttress on the north side was extended in projection and carried higher — (the difference between the earlier and later parts of this buttress is clearly seen, and it is interesting to see that oyster shells are used in the mortar joints of the latter, but not in the former ;) the easternmost buttresses on the north and south sides were similarly treated, but not carried so high. The fifteenth century upper stage of the tower has a two-light window in each face, and a plain parapet, within which the spire rises ; the latter is divided in height by three stone bands, or collars, formed of plain projecting semi-roll mouldings.
There is a sundial cut on the south-west buttress of the south chapel, and the half of another on the quoin suggests that the latter (at least) is older than the chapel — the dial stone having been cut and re-used.
In 1857 the interior of the Church underwent restoration and re-seating, but the fabric remains unaltered. In carrying out the work then done the floor of the chancel was raised. It is evident from the level of the piscina, and from the fact that the bases of both of the later arches in the north aisle chapel (opening into nave and chancel respectively, the base of the latter being now hidden) are on the same level, that the level of the nave floor was carried through, without any step, to the east end of the chancel, with perhaps one step on which the altar was placed — although this could not have been carried across to the south wall. This arrangement, originally made in the fourteenth century, was not found incon- venient at the end of the fifteenth, when the piscina was inserted, and it seems a pity that our nineteenth century use could not have been so adapted to it as to avoid so radical an alteration of the building.
22
Uotcs from % giarg of jlir ^n%ng Ssjjleg Cooper, Jrot €arl of jSjjsftcsIrarg :
JSorn 1621, Bteti 1683.
By THE LATE J. WaYLEN,
[These notes are printed as they were left by Mr. Waylen. He had intended writing a fuller memoir, but this was never done.]
P|5B|HE estates of this knight in Wiltshire were at Purton, ffllifl Damerham, Martin, and Loders : his Dorset seat was St. Giles, Wimhorne. His father dying early left him in the hands of the following trustees : — Sir Daniel Norton, a sea-captain residing at Southwick, near Portsmouth ; Mr. Hannam, of Wimborne ; and Mr. Edward Tooker, his uncle, of Salisbury and Maddington, with the latter of whom he principally resided during his minority. In 1637 he was entered at Exeter College, Oxford, and early showed his pluck by organizing and heading an insurrection against the barbarous practice of " Tucking Freshmen." Time out of mind it had been the custom for one of the seniors, acting as executioner- general for the occasion, to summon the freshmen up to the hall-fire, on a given evening, and bidding them hold out their chins, then with the nail of his right thumb (left long for the purpose) to grate off all the skin from the lip to the chin ; concluding the torture by compelling the victim to drink a glass of salt-and- water ; and so on till all the new comers of that year had been treated. Young Cooper perceiving that the freshmen contemporary with himself happened to be more than usually stalwart and numerous, engaged with them to act in unison, and to strike a decisive blow in defence of their chins ; and as it was expected that his own name would be the first called, he consented to give the signal for attack. The senior who summoned him happened to be a son of the Earl of Pembroke. Cooper, nothing daunted, opened the campaign by
Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper. 23
striking the young lord a box on the ear, when the rest of the freshmen simultaneously fell on, and soon cleared the buttery and hall. But a number of bachelors and young masters arriving in aid of the seniors, the freshmen were compelled to retreat to a ground chamber in the quadrangle, whither the enemy closely pursued them and pressed hard upon the door for entrance. Some of the strongest of the freshmen within, whom Cooper describes as " giant-like boys," suffered a few to come in, and kept the rest out. The few thus admitted were now in fact prisoners, and would have been severely handled by the youngsters had not Cooper, exercising his authority as captain, wisely preferred to negotiate with them in order to secure their services in making peace with the authorities. Dr. Prideaux, the old rector of the college, who had been summoned to suppress the mutiny, was by this time on the spot ; and as his sjTQpathies were always in favour of youthful daring, articles of pardon were soon arranged, and the foolish custom of " tucking " was abolished for ever from Oxford, though it continued in force some time longer at Cambridge.
In the election for the Long Parliament, 1640, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper stood for Downton, in Wiltshire. There was a double return, viz., of himself and Mr. Gorges, and both parties petitioned. The Committee of Privileges, to whom it was referred, never reported ; and by this manoeuvre (supposed to be intentional) the borough remained open all through the long contest which ensued, till after the death of Cromwell. Sir Anthony successfully reasserted his claim at the sitting of the Rump in 1658, when he used his influence in restoring the King.
In December, 1646, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper was nominated Sheriff of Wilts in the Parliament's behalf, leave being given him at the same time to reside out of the county. From a brief journal of events kept by him during that and the four succeeding years, the following extracts possess some local as well as personal interest :
" 1646. 7th August. I went from Farnham to Salisbury. 8th. Went
with Mr. Thistlethwaite the High Sheriff to meet the Judges, Judge Rolle and
Sergeant Godbolt, who were the two Judges for this circuit. 10th. Sat
with Judge Godbolt on the Crown side, being the only Justice there besides the- Judge and clerk of assize in the Commission of oyer and terminer. I was swora\
24 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Asliley Cooper,
this day a Justice of the peace for the County of Wilts before Mr. Turner. The Justices present this day were Mr. William Eyre the younger, Mr. Edward Tooker, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Joy, Mr. Hussey, Mr. Giles Eyre, Mr. Turner, Mr. Dove, Mr. Barnaby Coles, Mr. Francis Swanton. I am in commission for oyer
and terminer this whole circuit. On the 11th Sir John Dan vers came and
sat with us. Seven were condemned to die, four for horsestealing, two for robbery, one for killing his wife ; he broke her neck with his hands ; it was proved that he touching her body the day after, her nose bled afresh ; four burnt in the hand, one for felony, three for manslaughter ; the same sign followed one
of them, viz., of the corpse bleeding. 12. I and the Sheriff of Wilts begged
the life of one Prichett one of those seven condemned, because he had been a Parliament Soldier. I waited on the Judges to Dorchester.
" August 15. Sat at the Dorchester Committee .... I got the par- sonage of Abers for the repair of Harnham bridge at Salisbury. 17th.
Went to Wimborne to my cousin Hannam's. Met my cousin Earle and divers other gentlemen at Brianston bowling-green, where we bowled all day, and in
the evening Mr. Earle and I went to Tollard to Mr. Plott's. 28th. Came
to Madington in Wiltshire to see my uncle Tooker. 10th Sep. Came to
my house in Holborn where my wife and her mother were.
" October 6. Came to Marlborough to the Quarter Sessions, where Mr. Hussey, Judge, myself, and Mr. William Eyre the younger, Edward Tooker, Francis Swanton, George Joy, Mr. Bennett of Norton, and Mr. Howe of Berwick
were Justices.- 7th. Sat at the quarter sessions all the day. 8th.
Sat at the quarter sessions part of the morning and went afterwards to Purton.
12th. Came from Purton to Marlborough and lay at the Bear. 13th. Came to Salisbury and lay at my uncle Tooker's.
" December. I was by both houses of Parliament made High Sheriff of the County of Wilts. I was by Ordinance of Parliament made one of the Committee
of Dorset and Wilts for Sir Thomas Fairfax's army contribution. Mr.
William Eyres a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, died, a special friend of mine, and
made me one of his executors in trust and gave me £10 in plate. 16th. I
and my wife and sister removed from my house at London towards Salisbury
and came to Egham. 17th. To Basingstoke. 18th. Came to my
house at Salisbury. I rented Mr. Hyde's house in the Close next to the Deanery.
"1647. March 13th. The Judges came into Salisbury, Justice Rolle and Sergeant Godbolt. They went hence the 17th. I had sixty men in liveries, and kept an ordinary for all gentlemen at Lawes's, four shillings, and two shillings for blue men. I paid for all. There were sixteen condemned to die, whereof fourteen suffered. George Phillips condemned for stealing a horse, I got his reprieve, and another for the like offence was reprieved by the Judge. There were more burnt in the hand than condemned.
" 29th. My wife miscarried of a child she was eleven weeks gone with.
" This month I raised the country twice and beat out the soldiers designed for Ireland, who quartered on the county without order and committed many
robberies. April 5th to 8th. Came to Pawlet and kept my court there.
■ 24th. I was bound in three bonds for my brother John Coventry, first
to Giles Eyre of Whiteparish in Wilts Esq. for £150, we two only — 2nd to Dorothy and Anne Awbery daughters of William Aubery of Meere Esq. for £390,
First Earl of Shaftesbury : bom 1621, died 1683. 25
wo two only : 3rd to Henry Whitaker, of Shaftesbury Esq. for £500, we two and Sir Gerard Napper. For all these I have his counter-bond. [Other tran- sactions of this nature recorded in behalf of Coventry, who was compounding for delinquency.]
" 14th June. My wife, myself, and my sister, began our journey to Bath and
came this night to Trowbridge. 15th. We came to Bath, where my wife
made use of the Cross-bath to strengthen her against miscarriage. We lay afc
Mrs. Bedford's by that bath. 17th. Came back to my house at Salisbury
and dined at Madington. 18th. We met at Wilton at bowls. Went with
my uncle Tooker to Madington that night. 22nd. Went to Bath to my
wife.
" August 14th. The Judges came to Salisbury, Judge Godbolt and Sergeant Wilde. They went hence the 18th. Four condemned to die, one for a robbery, two for horsestealing, one for murder. Yorke that was for the robbery I got his reprieve. The Justices present were Sir Edward Hungerford, Mr. Edward Tooker, Mr. John Ashe, Mr, Whitehead, Colonel Ludlow, Mr. William Eyre, Mr. Giles Eyre, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. Joy, Mr. Aubrey, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Mr. Howe of Wishford, Mr, Howe of Berwick, Mr. Dove, Mr. Stephens, Mr. Coles, Mr. Swanton, Mr. Goddard of Upham. At the last Assize Sir John Danvers was present. I kept my ordinary at the Angel, four shillings for the gentlemen, two for their men, and a cellar.
"August 26th. I met the Commissioners for the assessment for Sir Thomas Fairfax's Army at the Devizes, and came to Madington at night. The com- missioners present were myself, Mr. Tooker, Mr. Jenner, Mr. Dove, Mr. Bennett, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Mr. Edward Martin, Mr. Gabriel Martin, Mr. Jesse, Mr. Thomas Bailey, Mr. Brown, Mr. John Stephens, Mr. William Coles, Mr. Thomas Carter, Mr. Nicholas, of Semley, Mr. Ditton, Mr. Read, Mr. Crouch.
" In July last I settled my brother George's estate on him, who was some months since married to one of the co-heirs of Mr. Oldfield of London, sugar- baker. I gave my brother freely £4000 for his preferment, and an annuity of £55 per annum for one life, and cleared it of my sister's portion." *
" Septemher 2. I went to Warminster and sat on the Commission for Sir Thomas Fairfax's army-contribution. There were Commissioners myself, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. Carter, Mr. Crouch, Mr. Jesse. I lay there that night.
15th. My uncle Tooker and I went to the Devizes, where we met the
Commissioners for Sir Tho. Fairfax's army — present myself, Mr. Tooker, Mr. Alexander Popham, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Crouch, Mr. Carter, Mr. Bailey, Mr. Jesse, Mr. Martin the elder, Mr. Ditton, Mr. Read, Mr. Stokers, Mr. Brown, Mr. Manning. We came back to Maddington to bed. 27th. Went to War- minster and sat in the Commission. 28th. Dined at Mr. Topp's at
Stockton and came home to Salisbury. October 2. Went to Tottenham
* This sister, Philippa Cooper, married Sir Adam Brown, of Betch worth Castle, in Surrey, and died at a great age in 1701. The brother, George, lived at Clarendon Park, near Salisbury. He is conjectured to be the George Cooper who was made one of the Commissioners of the Admiralty by the Rump Parliament in 1659 ; and was probably also tho George Cooper who represented Poole in the Convention Parliament of 1660. Christie's Memoirs of Shaftesbury, 73-
26 Notes from the Diary of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper,
to the Marquis of Hartford and lay there this night and t^e 3rd. 4th.
Went to my own house at Pirton to keep my court there. 6th. Went
to Malmesbury to return up my money. — 7th. Returned to Salisbury.
" November 12. The little ship called the Rose, wherein I have a quarter part, which went for Guinea, came to town this term, blessed be God. She has
been out about a year, and we shall but make our money. 27th. Went
with my brother John Coventry to Oxsted to see my Lady Coventry, and my sister Packington who was lately delivered of her daughter Margaret.
"January 21, 1648. My brother John Coventry sealed a deed of all his lands to me, Sir Gerard Napper, Thomas Child, and Edmund Hoskins, Esqs. for the payment of those debts we are engaged for him.
" This month Mr. Hastings and Mr. Hooper, feofees in trust for my father's estate, conveyed to me the manor of Pawlet, for which I paid formerly to the Court of Wards £2500.
" February 11. I had my writ of discharge from being Sheriff of Wiltshire
delivered me by my uncle Tooker, who succeeded me in my office. 14th.
I fell sick of a tertian ague, whereof I had but five fits, through the mercy of the Lord.
"March. I went and waited on the Judges at their lodgings, the Judges
were Judge Godbolt and Sergeant Wilde. 7th. I dined with the Judges,
but I sat not on the bench all this Assize for fear the cold might have made
me relapse into an ague. April 4. Mr. S wanton and I kept a privy
sessions at Salisbury. Mr. Giles Eyre sat with us this day.
"July. Mem. The bond wherein I was bound to Mr. Giles Eyre with my brother Coventry is paid and cancelled. This bond was for £150 dated April, 1647.
"August 6th. Dined with Sir G. Napper at More-Critchell, and heard
Mr. Hussey preach.* 23rd. Went to Salisbury to meet Mr. William
Hussey, Mr. Norden, Mr. William Eyres. We all met on commission directed to us out of Chancery to hear and certify the cause betwixt Lowe and Sadler about Fisherton Manors. We adjourned there on the commission till the
26th, and adjourned till the 12th September. 26th. Went to Salisbury
to the Assizes.— 30th. The Judge Mr. Sergeaut Wilde who came alone
this circuit, came into Salisbury. 31st. We began the Assize, where were
present Sir John Evelyn, Colonel Whitehead, myself, who were all three corn- commissioners of oyer and terminer, Mr. William Hussey, Mr. Yorke, Mr. Stephens, counsellors, Mr. Norden, Mr. Joy, Mr. Bennet of Norton, Mr. William Eyres, Mr. Long, Mr. Coles, Mr. William Littleton, Mr. Dove, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Rivett. My uncle Tooker, High Sheriff.
" September 2. I had a verdict against St. John for my common in Lydeard, myself the plaintiff, and £80 damages given me. The last Summer Assize I had another verdict against him and Webb, myself the plaintiff.
" November. This term I borrowed of my aunt M rs. Alice Coventry £1100 for which I gave her my bond. In February I mortgaged my manor of Pawlet to my aunt Mrs. Alice Coventry for £1100 1 owed her.
* Mr. Hussey, afterwards minister of Hinton Martin, had been Sir Anthony's servitor at college.
First Earl of Shaftesbury : born 1621, died, 1683. 27
March 3. Went to Oxsted in Surrey to wait on my wife's mother
3 April. Went to Marlborough on my way to Pirton for my rents.
6th. Came to the Devizes in my way home, having called at Malmesbury
to return my money to London. May 2. Mr. Plott and I went to
Poole to buy sack, and returned at night. 1 was made by the States a
commissioner in their Act of contribution for the Counties of Wilts and Dorset.
"July 4. I came to Salisbury. 10th. My wife, just as she was
sitting down to supper, fell suddenly into an apopletical convulsion fit. She recovered that fit after some time, and spake, and kissed me, and complained only of her head ; but fell again in a quarter of an hour, and then never came to speak again, but continued in fits and slumbers until next day. At noon she died. She was with child the fourth time, and within six weeks of her time. She was a lovely beautiful fair woman, a religious devout Christian, of admirable wit and wisdom, beyond any I ever knew, yet the most sweet affectionate and observant wife in the world. Chaste, without a suspicion of the most envious, to the highest assurance of her husband ; of a most noble and bountiful mind, yet very provident in the least things, exceeding all in anything she undertook, housewifery, preserving, works with the needle, cookery ; so that her wit and judgment were expressed in all things, free from any pride or forwardness. She was in discourse and counsel far beyond any woman.*
"August 16. I was sworn a Justice of peace for the Counties of Wilts and Dorset by Mr. Swanton. This was the first time I acted since the king's death.
"October 2. Went to Marlborough. 3rd. Sat at Sessions in the
morning where were present ten Justices, myself, Mr. Swanton, Mr. Littleton, Mr. Joy, Mr. Sadler, Mr. Hippesley, Colonel Ayres of Hurst, Lieut. -Col Read, Captain Martin, Mr. Shute. In the afternoon 1 went to Pirton.
" 1650. 17 January. To Salisbury to the Sessions and oyer and terminer. Present Mr. Bond, High Sheriff [and thirteen others]. We all this day subscribed the Engagement.
" 11 March. To Salisbury Assize, Judge Nicholas Chief Justice. 19th.
Laid the first stone of my house at St. Giles.
" 15 April. I was married to Lady Frances Cecil, and removed my lodging
to Mr. Blake's by Exeter House. 2 July. My wife and I and my sister
came from London to Bagshot on our way westward. 2rd. Came to
Basingstoke. 4th. To St. Giles, Wimborne." [The diary ends with this
month.]
In Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper's report to the Parliament of Ms
[* This excellent lady was Margaret, daughter of Thomas, Lord Coventry, Keeper of the- Great Seal. She left no surviving issue. Cooper, in his second marriage, as in his first, sought the alliance of Royalist houses. The second marriage, which took place in 1650, with Lady Frances Cecil, daughter of David, third Earl of Exeter, was also of short duration, but was not without issue. Two sons were born, the second of whom inherited his father's titles and possessions. In 1656 Cooper married a third wife, but he had no move children.]
28 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
storming Abbotsbury, in Dorset, in October, 1644, he says Major Baynton, at the head of the victors, stormed and took the Church. Many on both sides fell in this affair by a magazine exploding. Sir Anthony's own conduct was marked by much personal daring.
In 1644 — December — Cooper says the enemy have deserted Wellington, Wyrwail, and Cokam Houses, which two last they burnt on quitting. They also burnt Mr. Crewe's house. Cokam is Colcombe, in Devonshire, an old seat of the Courtenays, the other, Worle, in Somersetshire.
When Cooper left the King he compounded for all his penalties as a Eoyalist by a fine of £500. It was never paid, and Cromwell finally exonerated him in 1657.
jtotes on \\t Corporation |)htc auo Insignia of (tlUtsMtc.
By the Rev. E. H. Goddaed *
KjJJSpHE mace now so well known as the principal of the insignia of municipal corporations, and therefore as peculiarly con- nected with the centres of trade and the exercise of the arts of peace, is really the direct modern descendant of the ancient weapon of war
* A portion of this paper was read at the Warminster Meeting of the Society, in 1893, and a short abstract of it was subsequently printed in the Illustrated ArclicBologist for March, 1894, vol. i., pp. 219 — 224. The illustrations are all of them reduced by photo-lithography from full-sized pen-and-irik drawings taken by myself from the articles they represent. For the loan of four of the blocks the Society is indebted to Mr. W. H. St. John Hope, in whose forthcoming great work on the " Corporation Plate and Insignia of England and Wales " they will appear. The original drawings here illustrated, and others representing the more modern pieces of corporation plate, will be deposited in the Society's Museum, at Devizes.
By the Bev. E. E. Goddard. 29
known by the same name. It is true that in its modem develop- ment it bears but little resemblance to its prototype, but still the steps by which its form has gradually grown to what it is can be readily traced.
The mace in its original form of a wooden club is probably one of the oldest forms of offensive weapon used by man. But it is the mace in its mediaeval form with which we have to do. As Chancellor Fergusson shows in his interesting paper in the ArchceologicalJournal for 1884, at the Battle of Hastings, as seen in contemporary representations, the maces used for close quarters had globular heads of iron. Against a blow delivered by a powerful arm with such a weapon the flexible shirts of mail then in vogue must have been but a poor defence. Accordingly plate-armour was invented to resist the blows of the mace, and then the solid head of the mace was grooved, and eventually armed with projecting triangular flanges, or with spikes, which should penetrate and tear the armour.
These flanged maces were in use in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, but soon after the beginning of the sixteenth century the pistol superseded the mace as at once a more handy and more effective weapon for close quarters.
Mr. Fergusson points out that at least as early as the fourteenth century, both in England and France, the mace was the special weapon of the King's serjeants-at-arms, who formed his peculiar body-guard, and as a mark of high favour it became usual to grant fto mayors, and others to whom the royal authority was delegated, [the right to have one or more " serjeants-at-arms," or serjeants-at- mace — " servientes ad clavas"
As the mace, then, was the symbol of royal authority delegated by the Sovereign it was necessary that a place should be found for the royal arms. They could not well be placed on the flanged head, so the butt end of the civic mace was slightly enlarged and the arms engraved thereon. The butt thus became really a more important part than the head, and by the principle of evolution grew and increased at the expense of the head, until it swelled gradually into a bell-shaped protuberence, whilst the now useless flanges decreased in size. Then the mace was turned upside down, and what had
30 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
been the head of the old war mace became the handle of the mace of dignity, and the original knob of the handle swelled into a large bowl-shaped head bearing the royal arms, and in later times sur- mounted by the open arches and the ball and cross of the royal crown. The flanges, on the other hand, gradually diminished until they became mere flutings on what in some of the earlier specimens remained the iron handles of the mace, or developed into merely ornamental scrolls — disappearing altogether in the maces of the eighteenth century, and only leaving rudimentary evidence of their former existence in the ornamental foot knop in which they end.
This gradual evolution could be traced in the most interesting way in the remarkable collection of maces, numbering nearly two hundred, from all parts of England, exhibited at the Mansion House during the London Meeting of the Eoyal Archaeological Institute in 1893. The change could be traced step by step from the flanged war mace, such as the iron specimen of the early sixteenth century possessed by Grantham, in Lincolnshire, and the earliest of the civic maces, such as that of Hedon, in Yorkshire, of the time of Henry VI., with its iron grip ; and the two handsome Winchcombe maces of the fifteenth century, with triangular flanges at the butt-end, evidently following the lines of the war mace of the time — through the small, short, plain-stemmed, semi-globular headed maces of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, with their single fleur-de-lys cresting — to the large, long-stemmed, bowl-headed, crowned, and elaborately-crested examples of the later seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
The County of Wilts, although it possesses only seventeen maces in all, is fortunate in having good examples of most of the steps in I this curious process of evolution.
The earliest are those of Wootton Bassett, which are dated 1603. These are of the type of still earlier examples, and show the flanges j on the butt-end in unusual perfection — scarcely altered, indeed, ex- cept in size, from what they originally were on the weapon of war. j The heads are semi-globular, and plain, except for a low cresting of f fleur-de-lys.
Next comes the beautiful smaller mace at Wilton, dated 1639, in j
(i) MACE, WOOTTON BASSETT, 1603. (2) MACK, MALMESBURY, «V. 1645-
(3) MACE, MARLBOROUGH, 1652. (4) MACE, MALMESBURY, 1703. (s) ROYAL ARMS ON HEAD OF NO. 4.
SCALE, % LINEAR.
By the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
31
which the flanges of the handle are no longer plain, but have de- veloped into six projecting ornamental griffins. The head is still semi-globular, but is ornamented with four cherub heads in relief. (The open arches are, perhaps, later additions.)
The older pair at Malmesbury, dating probably from 1645, are of the same general type, but the flanges have disappeared alto- gether, leaving a swelling seal-shaped foot, and the bowl of the head is divided into the four compartments containing the royal badges, which appear in more elaborate form on almost all maces from this time onwards. The cross, too, now alternates with the fleur-de-lys in the cresting of the head.
In the Commonwealth period a great step forward was taken in the much larger and more ornate type of mace which then came into fashion. Of these many examples exist, all closely resembling each other; few of them, however, are handsomer or in better preservation than the pair dating from 1652, of which Marlborough is justly proud. In these maces the head has become much enlarged, and its decoration has finally assumed the form which, with some modification, it generally retains after this period; caryatides in relief separating the compartments of the bowl containing the St. Greorge's cross and Irish harp alternating with the town arms. The cresting, too, is more elaborate, and the cap or summit of the head is more prominent than it was in the earlier examples ; while the whole is surmounted by four open arches meeting in a terminal ornament in the centre. The bosses of the stem are much enlarged and chased, and the stem itself, hitherto left plain, is now for the first time adorned with an engraved decoration of oak-leaves, acorns, and spiral ribbon, which almost all the later maces copy.
In the Eestoration maces — and they are numerous — the size is still further increased, and the open arches on the head surmounted by the orb and cross take the form of the royal crown — a type which, with few modifications and exceptions, has continued in fashion ever since. Of these large ornate maces Devizes possesses two good ex- amples, probably of about 1660.
The great mace of Wilton, too, is a handsome specimen, dated 1685, of the same type — but in the twenty-five years which separate
32 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
them the oaryatide figures on the bowl have developed wings, and grown considerably more naturalistic in appearance, and the cap or summit of the head bearing the royal arms has sunk below the level of the cresting. This may be said to be the normal form of the later mace. Some few — like those of Salisbury — break out into abnormal developments, but the majority follow the type. The only nineteenth century example to be found in Wiltshire — that of Chippenham — though it is certainly original in design, can scarcely be quoted as an example of the advantages of departing from es- tablished precedent.
In other kinds of corporation plate Wiltshire is less rich. The mayor's chains are all very modern. Of the loving cups the only really notable specimen is the Hanap Cup belonging to Devizes — and the only sword of state, though it is a monument of the now departed glories of Wootton Bassett, is still of no older date than the present century.
It will be well, however, to give a detailed account of each separate piece, taking the corporations of the county in alphabetical order.
CALNE.
In 1835 the corporation consisted of two chief officers called " Gild Stewards," and an indefinite number of burgesses with one or two constables. The present corporation consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors.
The mayor's robe is of purple or chocolate-coloured cloth with sable facings.
The charters of the borough have been lost. James II. granted a charter of incorporation in 1687, but it was not accepted.
The borough possesses no ancient plate or insignia. The articles at present in use are as follows : —
The Mayor's Chain, procured by subscription at a cost of £43, and first used in 1883, is of silver, hall-marked with the anchor (for Birmingham), the date letter of 1881, and the makers' mark, T. & ' J. B. The badge is oval in shape, the central field of red enamel, on which is a tower in relief of silver-gilt and three feathers in plain
By the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
33
silver (the borough arms), with a border of scroll-work with oak and olive leaves, and a cherub head and wings at the top. The chain consists of fifteen silver-gilt links, of which the centre one has the monogram T.E.R., in coloured enamels, on the front, and on the hack the inscription " 1880-1, T. E. Eedman. Sam1- Bethell, 1881-2." The other links have " H. W." 1 {front), " 1882-3" {back)] " H. J. H. 2 " (front), "1884-5" (back); " J. D. B. 3" (front), "1883-4" (back); "T. H. * " (front), "1885-6" (back).
The Loving Cup. A handsome two-handled vessel of silver, with cover, ornamented with good repousse work of flowers, scrolls, towers, &c.j bearing the following inscription on a scutcheon on the bowl : — " Presented to the Corporation of Calne by the Earl of Shelburne,5 November, 1860." It stands lljin. high to the top of the cover, and bears the Newcastle mark '(three castles), with the date letter, either E. or B., for 1741-2, or 1756-7. The maker's mark is /. L. with a ring over.
The Snuff-Box. This is a massive and beautiful circular box of silver-gilt, elaborately engraved, bearing the inscription under- neath : — " Presented by Lord Shelburne to the Corporation of Calne, 1851." The arms of the borough engraved on the lid were evidently cut at this time. But the box itself and its ornamentation is much older, as it bears the lion's head erased showing that it is of the Britannia standard, and therefore between the years 1696 and 1720. It measures 5J in. in diameter and 3Jin. in height.
The Common Seal is of silver, circular, ljin. in diameter, and bears an ornate shield of the borough arms : — Gules a castle between
1 Henry Wilkins. 2 Herbert James Harris, of Bowden Hill House. 3 John Dommett Bishop, surgeon. 4 Thomas Harris.
5 Henry, Earl of Shelburne, the donor both of the loving cup and of the snuff-box, was M.P. for Calne from 1837 to 1856. He was styled Earl of Shelburue from 1836 to 1863, when he succeeded to the title as fourth Marquess of Lansdowne. (Cockayne's Complete Peerage.) Born January 5th, 1816; died July 5th, 1866. Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1856—58, &c. VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXI1. D
34 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
two ostrich feathers with a third in base argent, and the legend
" MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF CALNE, WILTS, 1836."
In the Visitation of Wilts, 1623, an older seal is figured, circular, enclosing a shield of the town arms and the legend : — - ".SIGIL: COSVI DE CALM."
This is no doubt the seal referred to in the following entries in the ; old Council Book 1 : —
" 1566. PJ to the King of Harrolcls for the brobation of the Armes of owre Burrough, at the Devizes, 25/6.
" To Edward Gouldsmith at Marlborough for the newe ingraveing of owre I seale 12/0.
"John Ladd having lost or refused to produce the Borough Seal that was in his custody as Guild Steward last year, a new one is adopted with the arms as j specified by the Heralds in 1565."
The new one is again superseded in 1734, when : —
" 1734. H. Keate refusing to produce the Borough Seal that was in his f custody as Guild Steward, another bearing the Arms is procured."
1756. " The seal detained by Henry Keate was delivered up, but being a bad impression the one already substituted for it shall be used."
The seal in use till 1836, probably the one above-mentioned, bore a shield of the town arms and the legend : —
"SIGILLUM BURGI & BURGENSIUM BURGI DE CALNE IN COM WILTS." 3
CHIPPENHAM.
Though one of the oldest towns in the kingdom, Chippenham was not incorporated until 1554, when Mary granted a charter, confirmed afterwards by Elizabeth in 1560, and James I., 1607. These charters were surrendered in 1684 to Charles II., and a new
1 Wilts Arch. Mag., xxiv., 210, 214. 2 W. A. M., xxiv., 215, 216.
By the Rev. E. II. Goddard.
35
ono granted by James II. in 1685.1 But the town practically continued to be governed by the charter of 1554. In 1835 the corporation consisted of a bailiff and twelve burgesses, with town clerk and under bailiff, but it now consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors.
The whole of the plate and insignia are modern.
The Mace. This measures 2ft. llfin. in length. The head is oval, with the two shields of the borough arms in relief on either side, surmounted by a tasselled cushion on which is a royal crown, the central part of the stem is plain with an acanthus-leaf knop under the head and a spirally twisted grip at the butt. Around the stem, under the head is the borough motto, "UNITY AND
LOYALTY." Below the knop, "HARRY GOLDNEY, ESQ8.,
mayor, 1844." And above the grip of the handle, "the GIFT
OF JOSEPH NEELD, ESQRE."
It is of plain and frosted silver bearing the London hall-mark for 1843, with the maker's mark, C. R. G. S. It is of an un- conventional but scarcely satisfactory design. OofcO Vfc$
" The donor, Joseph Neeld, Esq., of Grittleton House, was M.P. for the borough from 1826 — 1852, dying in 1856. The following letter from him accompanied the presentation of the mace : — " 11th May, 1844. It was upon a recent occasion that I learnt for the first time that the Corporation of Chippenham did not possess a mace ; an ensign of authority, which from the earliest period of our history has been borne before the magistrates and chief officers of corporations in the discharge of their public duties, in my opinion adding dignity to the office which they have the honour to fill. I have caused to be designed, and made, specially for your corporation a mace which I trust the members of it will allow me to present to them as a token of my attachment and respect for them, and will receive it with the same feelings of kindness and goodwill towards me, as I cherish towards them, &c." 2
The Mayor's Chain. This is of good simple design and workmanship. It is of gold, but is not hall-marked. The chain consists of twenty-one plain twisted links. The badge has a circular central medallion with the arms of the borough enamelled
1 Goldney's Records of Chippenham, pp. 261 — 292. 2 Ibid, p. 165.
D 2
S6 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
in colours, surrounded by the legend : — " borough of CHIPPENHAM." Below this is the motto, "UNITY AND loyalty, 1873." The whole surrounded by open scroll-work. It was subscribed for by members of the corporation, each successive mayor adding a fresh link until the chain was complete.
The arms as given on the badge are, two shields of arms hanging side by side from a tree with three large branches, the dexter shield bearing the arms of Grascelyn, Or, ten billets, 4, 3, 2, 1, azure, with a label of Jive points gules; the sinister, those of Husee, Argent three legs in armour couped above the knee proper.9
Loving Out No. 1. This is a large two-handled covered cup of good shape, with fluting on the lower part of the bowl. It is of silver, bearing the London date-letter of 1884 and the maker's mark, c. W. J. W It stands, with its cover, 12 Jin. high.
On one side of the bowl is inscribed : — " Presented to the Corpora- tion of Chippenham by the last Member for the Borough, Sir Gabriel Goldney, Bart., M.P., who for twenty-one consecutive years represented it in Parliament, and is a direct lineal descendant of Henry Goldney,1 Esq., M.P., the first Member upon the Incorporation of the Borough under the Charter of Queen Mary in 1553."
On the opposite side of the bowl is inscribed : — " In the Mayoralty of Edgar Neale, Esq., 3rd November, 1885."
Loving Cup No. 2 is a large goblet 12Jin. high, of silver, bearing the London hall-mark for 1874 and the maker's mark, R. H. It is covered with florid repousse ornament. On the front of the bowl are engraved the borough arms, with the motto,
9 The two shields, which together form the town arms, are those of two families notable in the history of the place— the Gascelyns, who held Sheldon, and were lords of the manor of Chippenham from 1250 to 1424 ; and the Husees, who held Rowdon for a hundred and forty-two years, down to 1392. Burke (General Armoury, 1842) gives the tinctures of the arms somewhat differently, Azure, ten billets argent, in chief a label of Jive points of the last.
1 Henry ffarnewell als Goldney appointed first bailiff of the borough, 2nd May, 1554, M.P. for Chippenham, 1553, died 1573. Fifteen of his lineal descendants have been bailiffs and mayors since then. Goldney, Records of Chvppenhan 347.
By the Be v. E. H. Goddard.
37
"UNITY AND loyalty.' ' On one side is the inscription: — aifl Mayoralty of Francis Edwyn Dowdinp, Esq.,- Nov. 28tk, 1887 " ; and on the other : — " Presented to the Corporation of Chippenham, by Henry Herbert Smith on his retirement from the Council, November, 1887.1
Loving Cup No. 3 is a tall two-handled cnp elaborately orna- mented with repousse flower work. It stands 13 Jin. high, has the London hall-mark of 1862 and the maker's, R.H. It is of silver-gilt and a handsome piece of its kind. Inside the rim of the bowl is a projecting edge contracting the opening to quatrefoil shape. On one side of the howl are the borough arms, the motto below them, and above them the legend, " borough of CHIPPENHAM." On the other side is inscribed " Presented by Sir Gabriel Goldney, Baronet, M.P., to the Corporation : Alfred J. Keary, Esq., Mayor, 1882//
The Common Seal. The matrix is of copper, circular, Ifin. in diameter, the borough arms in the centre, with the legend surrounding them : —
"BVRGI DE CHIPPENHAM."
An older seal is figured in the " Visitation of 1623," bearing the same device with the legend : —
" # SIGILLUM : COSV1VF4SS - : BVRGI : DE : CHIPPENHAM."
DEVIZES.
Devizes received its first charter from the Empress Matilda. This was confirmed by John, Henry III., and Edward III. The old corporation included a mayor, a recorder, thirty-four other capital burgesses, and an indefinite number of free burgesses, with two chamberlains, two sergeants-at-mace, and other officers. The present corporation consists of mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. The robes of the mayor are scarlet, the mace- bearers wear black robes and cocked hats, the town crier is in scarlet.
1 H. H. Smith, J. P., agent to the Marquis of Lansdowne, &o. 2 Sic in Marshall's Visitation.
38 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire,
The Maces. These are a handsome silver-gilt pair, 2ft „ lOfin. in length, dating probably from 1660, of the usual Restoration typo, without hall-marks. The stems are decorated with the rose and thistle — the bosses and foot knop with leaf work. The bowl of the head has, in four panels divided by caryatides,, the royal badges, the fleur-de-lys, thistle, rose, and harp, all crowned, in relief, with the initials C. R. on either side. The cap bears the royal arms in relief, Quarterly, first and fourth, France and England quarterly ; second, or, a lion rampant with a double Pressure, fiory counter flory ' gules, Scotland', third, azure a harp or, Ireland. The garter round the shield, " Dieu et mon droit " below it, with lion and unicorn | supporters. \
The butt end of one mace has the castle of the town arms faintly engraved on it, the other is plain.
The Mayor's Chain. This is of gold, bearing the Birmingham I mark, the date-letter for 1879, and the maker's mark, A. M. B. It is of good design and workmanship.
The badge has in the centre a shield bearing the town arms, per pale gules and azure a castle argent, in coloured enamels, with an elaborate quatrefoil architectural setting adorned with the rose, shamrock, and thistle, in the angles of the moulding. On either side of the shield is inscribed " mavd,"1 " C. 1141," and below it, "BOROVGH OF devizes." On the back is inscribed, "Pre- sented by subscription. Sir T. Bateson, Bart., M.P. R. L. Lopes, I Esq., Recorder. J. H. Burges, D.D., Rector. A. Grant Meek, Esq., Town Clerk. H. Vernon Hulbert, Esq., Clerk of the Peace. G. S. A. Waylen, Esq., Coroner. 1879."
The chain consists of thirteen links, each containing a shield on which the names of past mayors are inscribed, alternating with the letter D.
The centre link has the monogram T.O. in red and blue enamel in front, and on the back, " Thos. Chandler, 1874, 1878-9, 1886."
The links to the right of the centre are inscribed as follows, on front and back
1 The Empress Matilda, who granted the first charter to Devizes.
By the Rev. E. H. Goddard.
39
(1) Chas. N. May, 1868. Edw. Clap/iam, M.B., 1869. J. E.
Hat/ward, 1855, 1856.
(2) Wm. miller, 1870. H. J. Salisbury, 1872. W. G.
Everett, M.D., 1858. R. Maysmor, 1862.
(3) S. Reynolds, 1873. John Marsh, 1876. W. Tyrrell, 1864.
Sam1- Wit ley, 1871.
(4) W. E. Keeling, 1881. Rich*- Hill, 1882.
(5) . J. F. Humby, 1887-88. Those to the left of the centre : —
(1) Wm. Brown, 1863-80. Geo. Gundry, 1866. H. Mackerett,
1850. /. 8mallbon.es, 1853.
(2) Geo. Simpson, 1860, 1875. ». Giddings, 1861, 1867.
J^- /tar*, 1845, 1852, 1859.
(3) Geo. Waylen, 1849, 1865.- James Biggs, 1854, 1877. H.
Butcher, 1843, 1844, 1851, 1857.
(4) Fred* Sloper, 1883. G. C. Giles, 1884.
(5) (2. Iffcatf, 1885. Chas. Gillman, 1889.
The Loving Cup, which, by the way, is carried before the mayor with the maces, when he attends Church in state, is a tall silver-gilt Hanap Cup 1 with spired cover. It bears the London hall-mark for 1606. The maker's mark is a monogram of the letters AB within a shield. It measures, to the top of the cover, 15 Jin. It is of the
1 " The Norman French word ' Hanap,' which has come to mean a basket for package, in fact a 4 hamper,' is derived from the Saxon hncep, a cup or goblet, and was applied in medieval days to standing cups with covers, but only as it would seem to cups of some size and importance. As drinking vessels grew, with the increasing luxury of the times, from wooden bowls into the tall ' standing cups and covers ' which is the proper description of the cups called hanaps, the use of the latter term became confined to such cups alone, and the place where such hanaps were kept was termed the lianaperium. This was necessarily a place of safe keeping, and therefore a sort of treasury. The hanaper accordingly was the safe place in the Chancery where the fees due for the sealing of patents and charters were deposited, and being received by the Clerk of the Hanaper (or Clerk of the Chancery Treasury), the term hanaper office has continued to the present time. The hanaperium may originally have been a strong chest, and so the terms hanaper or hamper may have been applied and continued, at last exclusively, to a chest-like basket, with a lid, used for various purposes." Cripps' Old English Plate, p. 238.
40 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
characteristic make of its class — the foot bell-shaped, with a baluster stem, the bowl conical, the cover domed and surmounted by a three-sided pyramidal spire. Both the cover and the upper part of the bowl are ornamented with a kind of repousse diaper. The design of the cup is good, but the metal is very thin.
On the bowl are four circular medallions and four oblong spaces, the cover having similar plain spaces to match. On these are in- scribed the town arms, the date 1620 (when apparently the cup was given), and the names of the mayor and twelve burgesses of the time.
The names on the bowl are, Ro¥- Drew, Esquier} Walter Stevens. Richard Flower. Willm. Erwood. Tho. Wheataher. Ro¥- Flower^ Mayor. John Kent, Gent.
On the cover are the names John Stewens. John Allen. Nicolas Barrett. Edwin (?) JSorthey. Edw. Ijewse (?) John Thurman*
The Common Seal. The bronze matrix of the old seal, of late fourteenth century date, still exists. It has, however, been broken into four pieces and soldered together again. The device is an embattled wall with a wide arched gateway, the flanking towers very small, enclosing a large round tower on either side of which is a rayed star, surrounded by the legend : —
"&tgtllttm Commune fntrgmgutm tmi v$qt& m'fatffar,"
with a sprig between each word. Its diameter is 2 Jin.
The common seal at present in use has the same device — the archway and the central tower are smaller, the flanking towers larger, and there are several windows in the wall. Under the base
1 Of the family of Drew, of Southbroom, from them the estate passed to the Eyles (Waylens Devizes, 125). He was one of the twelve burgesses in 1603, and M.P. in 1597, 1601, 1603, and 1625.
2 Walter Stevens, mayor, 1591, 1599, 1605. Richard Flower, mayor, 1620. Robert Flower, mayor, 1619. John Kent, mayor, 1602 ; M.P., 1597, 1620, 1623. Will Erwood, mayor, 1594, 1600,1608,1615. Thos . Whetacre, mayor, 1607, 1618. Nicholas Barrett, mayor, 1609, 1617. Edward North ey, mayor, 1612, 1622, 1630. John Stevens, mayor, 1616, 1648, 1655. Edward Lewse (Lewes), mayor, 1614, 1631, 1641. John Thurman, mayor, 1621.
By the Rev. E. H. Ooddard.
41
is the date 1608. Its diameter is 2Jin. The matrix is of bronze. The surrounding legend reads :—
"SIG'. COMVNE MA i OR IS ET BVRGENSI BVRGI DNI REGIS DE DEVIZES IN COM WILT."
The Mayor's Seal is a solid silver seal, with moulded handle, measuring 2in. in height. Bound the edge of the head is inscribed, * Mr. Matthew Allar Maior anno Do. 1681."
In the device the castle resembles that on the old common seal, in the large archway and the round enclosure wall behind. The legend is : —
"SIG1LL # OFFICII * MAIOR # BVRGI * ONE * REGI * DSVISAR."
Constables' Staves. Mr. Waylen, History of Devizes, p. 578, mentions among the corporation insignia " Two Constables' Staves. These are long weapons, borne like the maces on occasions of ceremony : they are topped with flat-headed brass ornaments having on one side the arms of England and on the other a medallion of Queen Anne ; and inscriptions stating that they were " Presented to the Corporation of Devizes by John Smith, Citizen of London, brazier to King William III. of blessed memory, who delivered this nation from Popery and arbitrary government, to Her present Majesty Queen Anne 1709." These staves are no longer used, though still in existence. The constables now carry ebony staves with silver mounts.
[Preserved now with the corporation insignia are a Silver Punch-Bowl and Ladle, formerly belonging to the " Brittox Club." 1 The punch-bowl is a large plain silver vessel, on moulded foot. The diameter of the bowl is 13 Jin. ; that of the foot, 8in. ; and the height, 7-Jin.
Bound the rim are inscribed the following names : — " Titos. Bay ley, Benjn- Richards, Heny- Butt, Fred Edwards, Rob1 Sloper, Jno. Sayer, Jno. Cleaveland, J no. Richards, Willm- Noyes, Jno Maynard, Math10- Burgess, Sam1- Smith, Benjn- Anstie, Edwd-
1 The Brittox Club was presumably a political club. The late Mr. Waylen informed me that he had never come across any record of it.
42 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
Biffin, and on one side of the bowl the prince's feathers, with " The Brittox Club " over them.
The ladle has a silver handle lOin. in length, with an oblong- shapod bowl, about 4in. x 2in.]
MALMESBUEY.
Until 1886 Malmesbury was governed under a charter of Will. III. which recites charters of iEthelstan, Hen. IV., and Charles I. The old corporation comprised an alderman, twelve capital burgesses, and twenty-four assistant-burgesses, with two sergeants-at-mace.
Under the new charter of 1886 the present corporation consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors.1
The Maces. The older pair bear no hall-marks or date, but
probably are of the time of the charter of Charles I., 1645. They are of silver parcel gilt (the crown, cresting, badges on the bowl, arms on the cap, bosses of handle, and foot knop being gilt), and measure 2ft. 4in. in length.
The head is semi-globular, slightly more elongated than those of the earlier examples, divided into four compartments by a plain beading, in which are the royal badges crowned. (These are in higher relief in one of the maces than in the other.) There is a cresting of fleur-de-lys and crosses, surrounded by a single open- arched crown, with orb and cross. On the flat caps are the royal arms with supporters, as borne by the Stuarts, in relief.
The stems are quite plain, with small plain bosses. The foot has a flat seal-shaped butt, on which is engraved the device of the town arms — a castle with three embattled towers. On each side of the castle three ears of wheat on one stalk (?) .8 In chief a blazing star, a crescent, and three pellets. The base, water.
Both these maces are a good deal worn and knocked about, and the cross on the head of one has been renewed in thin brass.
1 The niaces here are kept in an oak chest with three locks, the keys of which are held by three members of the old corporation — who have declined to hand them over to the custody of the new corporation.
2 See next page.
By the Kev. E, R. Goddard.
43
The later pair are very elegant specimens of their time — 1703, They measure 2ft. 8fin. The only mark is that of the maker — the Gr enclosing a within a shield — for Francis Garthorne.1
The heads are bowl-shaped with winged and armless caryatides dividing the compartments which enclose the royal badges and the initials A. R. (Anna Regina) .
On the flat caps are the arms of Queen Anne in relief, with the initials A. R. There is the usual cresting of fleur-de-lys and crosses, and the open-arched crown with orb and cross surmounting all. The cross has been renewed in both, in one case in brass.
Below the head are four projecting caryatide corbels. The shaft, which is very slender, is engraved with a spiral vine pattern. The bosses and the foot-knops, which are of the usual late shape, are chased with acanthus-leaf ornament.
Qn the flat rim of the foot-knops of one mace is the inscription, " The gift of Tho Boucher Esqr to the Corporation of Malmesbury Anno 1703," with the town arms engraved on one side and on the other those of Bourchier, Argent, a cross engrailea gules beUveen Jour water bougets sable.
The other mace has the inscription, " The gift of Edwd- Pauncfort, Esqr to the Corporation of Malmesbury Anno 1703," with the town arms, and the arms of Pauncefoote, Gules, three lions rampant argent.2
The Seals. No. 1. The oldest of the existing seals has a circular brass matrix, 2 Jin. in diameter. The date is of the late sixteenth or seventeenth century. It has no handle. It bears the device of the town arms, an embattled castle, or gateioay, flanked by two round towers and surmounted by a third, from the dome of which flies a pennon. In base are the Waters of Avon, on each side is a teazle plant} In chief a blazing star and crescent, and in the dexter
1 A mace made by the same maker, for the Vintry Ward of the City of London, in 1698, is precisely similar to these two.
2 Tho. Boucher and Edward Pauncfort were doubtless Members for the borough — in 1705 they petition against the undue return of Henry Mordaunt and Thomas Farringtou. Bird's Malmesbury, p. 155.
3 So says Mr. St. John Hope. Burke, in his General Armoury, says three ears of wheat on one stalk ; on seal No. 2 the heads — whether of wheat or teazle, are five in number on one stalk,
44 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
chief three pellets. The legend is : —
" SIGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE . MALMESBVRY
IN . COJV1 . WBLTS."
No. 2 is circular. The matrix of brass 2 ^ in. in diameter?
with lignum vitse handle. The device as in No. 1, except that the
three raised pellets are in the sinister chief. The legend is : —
," SIGIL . COM . ALDRI. BVRGEN . BVRG1 . DE .MALMESBVRY m . COm . WILTS . 1615."
No. 3. 1 in. in diameter. The device is a reduced copy of that of No. 2. The date may he early seventeenth century. The legend runs : — -
"SIGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . CAPITAL. BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE
MALMESBVRY,"
No. 4 is smaller and has a circular brass head 1 fin. in diameter, with lignum vitse handle. The device the same as on Nos. 1 and 2. The legend is : —
"SSGIL . COM . ALDRI . ET . BVRGEN . BVRGI . DE . MALMESBVRY
m . com . wilts 55
There seem to be no other articles of plate belonging to the corporation.
MABLBOBOUGrH.
The first charter was granted by John, 1205, and confirmed by Hen. III. and others down to Elizabeth. In 1577 she granted a new charter which continued in force until 1835. Under this , charter the corporation consisted of a mayor, an indefinite number of burgesses, with two justices, town clerk, chamberlain, two sergeants-at-mace, &e.
The present corporation consists of the mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. The mayors and ex-mayors wear black cloth gowns with black velvet facings.
The Maces. These are a very handsome silver-gilt pair of Maundy's Commonwealth type, measuring 40in. The bowl of the
By the Rev. JE. E. Goddard.
45
head is divided by conventional caryatides into four compartments, f in winch are cartouches of St. George's cross, and the Irish harp alternating with the town arms. The cresting is composed of olive- leaf wreaths enclosing St. Greorge's cross and the Irish harp. The cap is raised above the cresting, and bears now the royal arms of Charles II., the garter motto reading " HON I SOET QVI IVSALY PENSY," and the royal motto, "DIEV ET MON DROT" (sic) J ust below the cresting an inscription in raised letters runs round the head, " THE FREEDOM OF ENGLAND BY GOD'S BLESSING RESTORED 1660." Four open arches worked with oak leaves surmount the head, and support a large orb and cross. Below the bowl are four ornamental projecting corbels, ending in dolphins. The bosses of the shaft have gadrooned ornament, and the shaft itself is covered with engraved oak branches and a spiral ribbon. The foot knop is of considerable size, with an inscription running round under the rim : — " This mace was made jor the Corporation of Marlebrough Mr Robert Clements then Mayor 1652." On the edge above is added, " Made by Tobias Coleman of London Gouldsmith."
These maces are very little altered from their original condition. The orb and cross at the top have taken the place of the nondescript ornament in which the Commonwealth maces terminated, but the open arches are original. The royal arms on the cap have taken the place of the "State's arms" — and in the inscription "The Freedom of England by Grod's blessing restored," the original date, 1652, has been changed to 1660 — the Eoyalists neatly appropriating the Parliamentarian motto.
The Seals. No 1. The oldest of the existing seals is of silver, 2in. in diameter, with lignum vitse handle, bearing a shield of the town arms, Per saltire gules and azure two cocks in f ess between a lull statant in chief and three greyhounds courant in pale in base ; on a chief or a castle between two roses gules" with helm, crest, and mantling, with the legend : —
"SIGILLUM MAIORIS & BURGENS BURGI VILL/E DE MARLEBERG 1714-"
On the butt of the handle is a silver plate with the arms of Charles,
46 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
Lord Bruce,1 ensigned with a baron's coronet, Or, a sal tire and chief gules, on a canton argent a lion rampant azure. Supporters, two savages proper wreathed round the loins and temples vert.
No. 2. The common seal at present in use is of silver with black wooden handle. It is circular, 2Jin. in diameter, and bears the hall-mark for 1835. It has the borough arms and crest supported by two greyhounds. In this seal the castle is represented as on a canton. The legend is : —
" THE SEAL OF THE MAYOR ALDERMEN AMD BURGESSES
OF THE BOROUGH OF MARLBOROUGH."
No. 3. The mayor's seal, of silver, with lignum vitse handle, is circular, 1-J-in. in diameter. It bears a plain shield of the town arms with the legend round :—
"SICJLLUf^ MAIORIS BURGI DE SVSARLEBERG."
On the butt of the handle is a silver plate engraved with the Bruce arms, as on seal No. 1.
In 1727 it was ordered that whereas two seals, a greater and a less, have been sold, the new silver seal of 1714 shall alone be used, and the old seal destroyed. Possibly this was the older seal which is said to exist on documents, bearing the castle only.2
SALISBUBY.
Henry III. granted the first charter in 1227, which ordains that Nova Saresberia shall be a free city with the same privileges as Winchester. This was confirmed by Edward I. and later sovereigns. A new charter was granted by Edward IV. in 1462, ordering that the mayor and citizens should be a body corporate by the name of
1 Thomas, third Earl o£ Elgin and second Earl of Aylesbury, lived in retirement in Brussels for forty years, dying in 1741. His son, Charles, was summoned to the House of Lords in his father's lifetime in his father's barony of Bruce of Whorlton. He had previously sat for Marlborough in the House of Commons, 1710 and 1711. Doubtless the common seal and the mayor's seal were presented by him. The supporters of the arms are those of Elgin, which differ from those of Aylesbury, in that the latter carry flags.
2 Waylen, History of Marlborough, 373.
By the Rev. K H. Goddarcl.
47
the Mayor and Commonalty of New Sarum. James I., in 1612 granted a new charter establishing an already-existing body of mayor, recorder, twenty-four aldermen, forty-eight assistants called " Le Eight and fortie," with two chamberlains, four constables, three sergeants-at-inace {servientes ad clavas), and other officers. Further charters were granted by Charles I., Charles II., and Anne, but the provisions of James the First's charter continued mainly in force until 1835.
The mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors com- pose the present corporation.
The city sergeants-at-mace, originally two in number, were in- creased in 1435 to three, at which number they have since been maintained.
The mayor, aldermen, and councillors now wear red cloth gowns, with broad black facings. The mace-bearers wear uniform and cocked hats.
In 1496 Hen. VII., his queen, and his mother, visited the city, and it was " agreed that all of the twenty-four that have been mayors shall ride in scarlet to meet the king, and that all those who have not been mayors shall ride before the mayor in crimson. The forty-eight are to ride after the mayor in green." 1
In 1574, on the visit of Elizabeth, " for the apparelling Mr. Mayor and his associates that have been mayors, and others of that number, it is agreed that they shall be clad in scarlet gowns, and all the forty-eight to be in comely black citizens' gowns lined with taffeta or other like silk, and certain others to be ap- parelled in a similar manner to attend the mayor." 2
1580. Oct. 22nd. " At this assembly it is agreed by the consent of the whole company that every mayor from henceforth shall as well clothe his wife as also himself in scarlet, according to the orders and customs heretofore used, upon pain every mayor making default and doing the contrary shall forfeit and lose to the benefit of the chamber 201. And it is likewise agreed that every magistrate or alderman having passed the office of mayor shall not by himself nor his wife accompany the mayor and his brethren nor the mayor's wife and the mistresses upon principal festival days, viz., Christmas Day, and the two days following, New Year's Day, Twelfth Day, Purification of Our Lady, Easter Day, and Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Whit Sunday, and Whit Monday, and all Hallows Day without having and wearing their scarlet gowns upon pain of every magistrate making default 5 shillings." 3
1 Hatcher and Benson, Old and New Sarum, 210. 2 Ibid, 286. 3 Ibid, 289, 290.
48 Notes on (he Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
1607. Against the king's coming it was " agreed that James Everd, Mr. Mayor's sergeant, shall have a doublet and pair of breeches or hose of some fit stuff, and that the beadles shall have blue coats." 1
1626. " It is agreed and ordered that Mr. Mayor may henceforth give gowns or liveries, so as he exceed not the number of ten gowns, besides the officers, minister and clerk, aud that the order touching Mrs. Mayoress and the aldermen's wives of this city to wear their French hoods shall be continued, any former orders to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, and if any of them fail the scarlet days then their husbands shall forfeit." 2
1638. Ordered " that every one of the forty-eight at all meetings to attend on the mayor as feast times and burials shall wear a citizen's gown faced with black fur or badger's on penalty of ten shillings." 3
1650. The wearing of scarlet or other gowns was forbidden dining the Commonwealth, This prohibition was revoked at the Bestoration.
The Maces are three in number, made in 1749. They are silver-gilt, and bear the maker's mark, G.S., probably of Gabriel Sleath. They are all of the same design.
No. 1. The Great Mace is of very large size — few in England are larger. Amongst the hundred and fifty maces exhibited at the Mansion House in 1893 only that of Oxford was larger than the Salisbury specimen. The type, too, is abnormal and uncommon. In all the collection above referred to, the two maces from Swansea were the only ones of the same design. It is a fine piece, and the detail of the work is good. It measures 4ft. Tin. in length.
The head is of the usual shape, with open-arched crown, orb, and cross. The cresting is of large fleur-de-lys and crosses, and the cap, which rises as high as the cresting, is in the shape of a cushion with tassels. Instead of the usual caryatides dividing the bowl into compartments, oval panels are formed by wreaths of conventional palm leaves and flower work in relief. In two of these are the city arms and supporters, and the royal arms as borne by George II., 1, England impaling Scotland ; 2, France ; 3, Ireland ;
1 Hatcher and Benson, Old and New Sarwm, 313.
2 Ibid, 355.
3 Ibid, 384.
By the Rev. E. II. Goddard.
49
fourth, gules, two lions passant guardant in pale or, for Brunswick; impaling or, semte of hearts gules a lion rampant azure, for Lunen- berg; on a point in point, gules a horse courant argent, for Saxony; on the centre of the fourth quarter an escutcheon gules charged with the crown of Charlemagne, or, for the Arch- Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire, with supporters, crest and motto, and in the others two female figures, the one holding a serpent ("Wisdom), the other the sword and scales (Justice) . Immediately below the head is a boss with intertwining ribbon ornament, and on the collar below this the date in raised letters MDCGXLIX. The centre of the shaft is fashioned like a bundle of rods fastened by a spiral ribbon (fasces) . The butt swells out to almost a pear shape, chased with acanthus leaf, and the foot knop itself has the intertwining ribbon chasing.
No. 2. The second mace measures 4ft. lin., and is a reduced copy of the great mace, except that the female figures on the bowl of the head are different. One stands with staff or spear in one hand, the other hand resting on a shield whereon is the cross of St. George (Fortitude ?) . The other figure holds something, apparently a cap of liberty on a stick (Liberty).
No. 3. The third mace is precisely similar, except that the em- blematical figures in this case have one of them a staff in one hand, and an olive branch in the other (Peace), whilst the other figure holds a long-necked and long-billed bird in her arms, and points to a bale of merchandise (Commerce ?) This mace measures 3ft. 8in. in length.
In 1603, against a visit of James I., it was ordered " that the rnace shall be new gilt, and the king's arms set or made thereon." 1
The following notice of the making of a stand for the maces in St. Thomas's Church appears in the churchwardens' accounts printed by Mr. Swayne : —
1643-4. J. Couzens Ironworke to hang the mases, £1 6s. J. Perceavall painting and gilding the frame for the maces, £1 12s. 6d."
1665. " Mr. Thornborough of this city Goldsmith delivered in his bill for the plate brought to present to the King, Queen, and Duke of York as followeth : — For one bason and Ewer and four flagons 156/. 3*., and for mending the mace, 2,1. 10s." 2
1 Hatcher & Benson, Old and New Sarum, 308. 2 Ibid, 157.
VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. B
50 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
The Mayor's Chain at present in use was formally presented to the corporation hy E. H. Hulse, Esq., M.P. for Salisbury, October 5th, 1893. 1 Mr. Hulse and the past and present members of the corporation gave one link each, while the town clerk — Mr. W. C. Powning — gave the badge. It is of 18-carat gold, and was made by Messrs. T. and J. Bragg, of Birmingham, from a design by Mr. J. W. Tonks after consultation with Mr. Alfred Gilbert, R.A.
The badge is circular, with mouldings and ornamental border, with the name " Salisbury " on enamelled bosses. Within this is a six-arched canopy, in the centre of which are the city arms and supporters, a rose above, and the motto in enamels " Civitas Nova? Sarum " below.
The circular links of the chain alternate with double-headed eagles (the supporters of the city arms) . They are bordered with crosses and fleur-de-lys. The central link has the old city seal in enamel, the Madonna and Child above, an arch with a bishop within it below.
The other links have a series of armorial bearings in enamel — the city arms, the cathedral cognizance, the arms of Henry III. (who gave the charter in 1227), those of James I. (who gave another charter), those of Queen Anne, and those of the present Queen — whilst others bear the letter S.
An inscription recording the gift of the chain is engraved on the back of the badge.
The old Mayor's Chain. From 1856 to 1893 a chain of silver- gilt, bearing the Birmingham hall-mark and the date letter for 1856, with the maker's mark G. u., was in use.
The badge is circular and watch-shaped, surrounded by an olive leaf wreath, enclosing a shield of the city arms in enamel, with the eagle supporters (only one of their wings shown) , and the motto below " CIVITAS NOViC SARUSVi." On the back is inscribed "Presented by the Citizens to Abraham Jackson, Esq., Mayor, for the use of himself and successors in office, June, 1856."
1 I am indebted for the above description to the columns of the Salisbury Journal. I have not seen the new chain myself. — E.H.G,
By the BeiK E. E. Goddard. 51
The chain itself consists of eighteen sets of three links, portcullis, rose, and twisted knot repeated.
On the presentation of the new chain, October 5th, 1893, it was agreed that this disused chain should be placed in a glass case in the Council Chamber with tlie names of the majors who had worn it.
1681. " Two new inaces were bought." 1
1749. It was agreed that " the new maces " [i.e., those now in use] " be accepted at the price of £218, and the old ones be sold at 5s. 6d. per ounce, and the money paid to Mr. Went worth." 2
Dining the Commonwealth a sword of state, with a cap of maintenance for the sword-bearer, seem to have been used either in addition to, or instead of, the maces.
1656. " The charter of the city was renewed for its loyalty by Cromwell and a sword with a cap of maintenance was brought in." 3
1657-8. " A crooke and Loope to put ye Sword in 2*. 6d. Guilding the Crooke 2s. 6i." 4
1660-1. It was " ordered that the sword and cap of maintenance, the emblems of authority under the Protectoral government, be brought into the Council House to be sold or otherwise disposed of. The sword of state is also said to have been broken at the whipping post." 5
Two Brass Badges are preserved in the Council Chamber. They are roughly fashioned in the shape of an eagle displayed with two heads, bearing the city arms. The neck pierced for suspension. On the back is the inscription " N. Still, Mayor, 1782."
The city formerly possessed a set of silver chains worn by the " Waits," or town musicians, but in 1660 : —
" The Council House was broken open and the silver chains taken away belonging to the town musicians." 6
1 " A Collection of Remarkable Events relative to the City of New Sarum, 1817.
2 Old and New Sarum, 521. 3 A Collection of Remarkable Events, &c. 4 St. Thomas's Churchwardens' accounts. 5 Old and New iSarum, 445. 6 Collection of Remarkable Events relative to the City of New Sarum,
52 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
[A f ow of these waits' chains still exist. Exeter has four of James the First's time ; Kings Lynn, five of Elizabethan date ; and the chain worn by the Mayor of Beverley is also formed of them.]
The Loving Cup. This is a handsome two-handled cup, j standing 18in. high, bearing the London hall-mark, the date letter j for 1796, and the maker's mark of Samuel Howland. It is of the elegant " classical " style, which, just at the end of the last century I is seen in all the best productions of the time. The bowl has the I usual engraved garlands and festoons of flowers enclosing on one side a shield of the city arms, and on the other the arms of the donor, Quarterly , first and fourth, Earle, Gules three escallops within I a lor dure engrailed or ; second and third, Benson (of Salisbury) t argent three trefoils sable between two bendlets gules with crescent for difference. Crest, a lion's head erased pierced with an arrow. Above the arms is inscribed : — " The gift by will of Will"1- Benson Earle Esq., who died 21st March, 1796." 1
" In March, 1797, a large silver cup, value fifty guineas was presented to the mayor and commonalty on the bequest of William Benson Earle, Esq., of the j Close." — (Old and New Sarum, 554.)
The Common Seal.
No. 1. The oldest known seal3 is probably contemporary with I the charter of 1227. It is circular, 2 Jin. in diameter. It bears the 1 figure of the Virgin and Child standing behind the city wall between two spires. The wall terminates at each end in a battlemented tower, whereon stands a bird with a crescent over. Above the Virgin's left shoulder is a blazing sun or star to balance the floriated end of her sceptre. Under a niche, in the base is the half-length figure of the bishop as lord of the city. The legend is, in Lombardic capitals : —
1 William Benson Earle, son of Harry Benson Earle, b. at Shaftesbury, July 7th, 1740 ; educated at Winchester and Merton, Oxon ; B.A., 1761 ; M.A., 1764 ; died, 21st March, 1796 ; buried at Newton Toney ; monument to him by Flaxman in north transept of Cathedral. A man of wide attainments, F.R.S., F.S.A., and a musician. A sketch of his life is given in Hatcher & Benson's Old and New Sarum, pp. 649—652.
2 Old and New Sarum. PI. II., p. xvii.
By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 53
" + SIOIL : NOV/E : €fflTATJ5 = SARfiSBYRifi"
This seal seems to have been used until 1658 (?), when it was stolen with other things out of the Council House, and a new one made.
No. 2. This was 2in. in diameter, hearing an ornate shield of the city arms, " or, four bars azure " with the circumscribing legend: — "THE : CITIE : OF : NEW : SARUM : 1 6 5 8."
No. 3. In 1836 the reformed corporation adopted a new seal, the same style as the last, bearing the city arms with supporters, " two double-headed eagles displayed or, each gorged with a coronet and beaked and legged azure." The legend runs : —
11 THE MAYOR. ALDERMEN AND BURGESSES OF NEW SARUSV1, 18.36."
No. 5. The seal at present in use is a copy of the one of 1836, 2in. in diameter, bearing a shaped shield with supporters and the legend : — •
"THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN AND CITIZENS OF THE CITY OF NEW SARUM, 1851."
A duplicate is used as an embossing stamp, The Mayor's Seal.
No. 1. The oldest known is a small pointed oval seal of early thirteenth century date, 2in. long, bearing the Annunciation beneath a canopy with a figure praying in base, and the legend, in Lombardic capitals : —
"S. MAiGRiS SARRYM/'
No. 2 is circular, of early fourteenth century date, lfin. in diameter, bearing the same device and the legend : —
" S1GILLV . MAIORIS ♦ SARRYM * "
No. 3, of early fifteenth century date, bears the same device and the legend : —
" fttgiUum t matortd. : nobe t &avufti."
54 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
No. 4. A circular seal, lin. across, apparently of the date 1658, with the city arms shown as Barry of six, and the legend : — " * CIVITAS : NOVvflE : SARVM."
No. 5. The present mayor's seal, dating from 1836, is circular, 1 Jin. across. It hears the city arms with supporters, with crossed palm branches below the shield, and the legend round : — " CIVITAS NOVE SARUM."
The corporation possesses a good deal of domestic plate.
Silver Salvers.
No. 1. The largest, a handsome piece of its kind, measures 19in. across, and stands 2Jin. high on four legs formed of double-headed eagles. It bears the London hall-mark for 1745, with the maker's mark G. F. It has a high raised open-work rim of vine leaves and masks. In the centre is a shaped shield of the city arms with mantling and eagle supporters. On a scroll surrounding the arms and underneath is the following inscription : —
" A.B. 1745. The Donors of several pieces of Plate from whence this was fram'd are gratefully remembered"
oz. dwt.
John Beiyley Gent, a 8alvr- 23 - 11 in 1600. 1 Bob1- Baines Gent, a Plate 12 - 5 in 1633. 2 Thos. Gardiner Gent, a Salt 34 - 15 in 1672." 3
1 In 1606 one John Bailey (? mayor 1577), a prominent member of the vestry of St. Martin's and owner of Bishop's Down Farm, got into his hands the property of the tithe and patronage of the Church, and is mixed up in legal proceedings. {Old and New Sarum, 500.) In 1593 he was evidently one of the chief citizens, the mayor together with him and others, drawing up a state- ment of their grievances against the bishop. (Ibid, 298.) In 1590 he was ordered to ride to London with another to get the city incorporated. (Ibid, 296.)
2 Robert Baines was evidently a prominent member of the corporation — mentioned in 1626. (Ibid, 255.)
3 Thos. Gardiner (? mayor, 1661) advanced money to pay debts for the corpo- ration 1665. (Ibid, 456.) By his will, dated May 31st, 1684, he gave to the mayor and commonalty £60 in trust, to pay the inmates of Eyres' Almshouses the sum of £3 yearly by equal portions of 20.?. in Lent, Easter Week, and at Whitsuntide. There is also " Gardiner's Charity," founded by a Thos. Gardiner.
By the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 55
Nos. 2 and 3. Diameter 9 Jin. They stand on three claw feet and have shaped and moulded rims. In the centre are the city arms and supporters, and a broad border of engraved ornament. The hall-marks are as in No. 1 ; the date letter is for 1745.
No. 4 has the London hall-mark for 1846 and the maker's initials C. R., G. S. It measures 16 Jin. in diameter, and stands If in. high on three scroll legs. It has a shaped and moulded rim, and the surface is covered with elaborate ornamentation, with this in- scription in the centre : —
" This Salver and Tea Service intended to have been presented to the late Henri/ Hatcher by his Pupils as a testimonial of their feelings of gratitude and esteem towards him as a Tutor and Friend, were in consequence of his lamented death on the 16th of December, 1846, given to his son, Willm- Henry Hatcher, C. S., on the 6lh day of April, 1847 "l
And round the outside of the engraved ornament is the further inscription : —
" Bequeathed to the Corporation of New Sarum, by the above-named Mr. William Henry Hatcher, 1879. IF. Hicks, Mayor"
The Tea and Coffee Service consists of tea-pot, coffee-pot, sugar-basin, and cream- jug, and bears the same hall-marks as Salver No. 3 above. All the pieces stand on four scroll feet, and have rather poor repousse ornamentation, with the city arms on one side, and on the other the inscription :- — " W \ H. Hatcher's Bequest, 1879."
A Pair of Candlesticks, of massive make, standing 12Jin. high, with the arms of the city engraved on their bases, and under- neath the inscription : —
1 Henry Hatcher, born at Kemble, May 14th, 1777. Secretary to Rev. W. Coxe, 1795. Postmaster of Salisbury, 1817 — 1822 ; afterwards kept a private school in Endless Street. A great linguist and antiquary. The historian of " Old and New Sarum." Died, December 14th, 1846. A monument to him in the south transept of the Cathedral. John Britton wrote " Memoirs of Henry Hatcher," 1847. His only son, William Henry Hatcher, was a civil engineer, chemist, &c. He contributed " Observations on the Geology of Salisbury and ^he Vicinity " to his father's History of Old and New Sarum.
50 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. " Edmd- Pitman Becordr- D.D. 1743."
No date letter is visible ; the maker's mark is /. L. ( ? John Lampf ert) . The sockets are apparently of later date, and bear the maker's mark P. B. ? R.
Watchman's Horn. This is preserved in the Salisbury and South Wilts Museum, and is referred to in the catalogue (edition 1864) as
" one of the few relics preserved from the destruction of the old Council House, which was burnt down in 1780. It was formerly used by the night watch in case of fire or other cause of alarm in the city."'
The horn, which is almost semi- circular t measures 19 Jin. across. It is of white ox-horn with plain mountings of copper at either end, and a broad iron band just below the mounting of the mouth. On the copper rim at the mouth are roughly engraved the city arms, the date 1675, and the names "THOMAS shergold, George J CLEMENS, THOMAS WAVSBROUGH, PETER PHELPES, Head Constables."
WESTBUEY.
In 1835 the corporation consisted of a mayor, recorder, and thirteen capital burgesses, with steward and other officers. No f robes have been worn by the mayor or corporation within living j memory.
The Common Seal. The head is of silver, of oval form, If in. ! x If in., and bears a shield of the town arms, Quarterly or and azure a cross quartered patonce and fleury within a bordure charged with twenty lioncels all counter -changed.
The surrounding legend reads : —
" 4- S1G1LLVM * MAIOR1S * ET * BVRGEN * DE * WESTBVRIE."
The ivory handle of the seal, about 4Jin. in length, is inscribed : — "MATHEVS • LEY • HOC • DEDIT • A° • 67<l 1597- +"
There seem to be no other insignia or articles of plate existing.
By the Rev. K E. Goddard.
57
WILTON
is mentioned as a borough in Domesday. The first charter was granted by Henry I., others by Henry II., John, Henry III., Edward I., Richard II., Henry IV., &e, In 1688 James II. granted a new charter, but the corporation soon returned to the older ones. In 1836 the corporation consisted of a mayor, high steward, recorder, live aldermen, town clerk, two sergeants-at-mace, &c. In 1885 a new charter was granted, and the present corporation consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. The robes worn by the mayor and corporation and mace-bearers are of black cloth trimmed with black satin and velvet. The beadle wears a dark blue suit trimmed with red, knee breeches, and red stockings.
The Maces.
No. 1. The (treat Mace is of silver-gilt, measuring 37 Jin. in length, and is a good example of the ornate type of later mace. The only remaining hall-marks are the lion passant, and the maker's mark T. I., with two escallops between the letters.
The head has the usual open-arched crown, with the royal arms on the cap with the supporters and mottos and the initials J. R., the motto reading " DIE U EST iVSON DR." Winged armless caryatides divide the compartments of the bowl, in which are the royal badges crowned. Caryatide projections occur immediately below the bowl. The bosses are chased with leaf-work, the shaft itself having a spiral pattern of roses and fleur-de-lys and thistles. . On the foot knop is inscribed : — ■
" lb Wilton in ye \st yeare of ye reigyie of King James ye Znd An<> Bom 1685 By Oliver Nicholas Esqr."
No. 2. The older. Mace is a beautiful silver-gilt example of the earlier type, measuring 24|in. in length. The only hall-mark is a maker's, mark which looks like 1. G. The head is semi-globular, with a cresting of fleur-de-lys, and winged cherub heads on the bowl. Mr. St. John Hope thinks the open arches of the crown have been added later. Their details, however, would suggest that they are contemporary. On the cap are the royal arms of Charles
58 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire,
I. within the garter — the initials C. R. at the sides without sup- porters.
The shaft is slender and plain, with small plainly moulded "bosses. Round the bottom are six projecting griffins representing the flanges of the war mace.
Round the shaft above them runs the inscription : — " G. S. Mai 1639."
and below them : —
" Ri : Grafton fecit!'
On the button in which the foot terminates is engraved a rebus— the letters WIL above a tun, all within an olive wreath.
No. 3 is a very small Sergeant's Mace, now disused. It is of silver, 8 Jin. long, with plain semi-globular head without cresting or ornament, bearing on the cap within an olive wreath the initials of Queen Anne : —
A • R 1709.
There are no hall-marks. The foot ends in an acorn.
The Mayor's Chain. This is silver- gilt and consists of fourteen large lockets, thirteen of which bear enamelled shields of the arms of England (and Wilton), Gules three lions passant guardant or, ensigned by civic coronets — whilst the central locket has the mono- gram V. W. in red and white enamel. These are coupled by plain links. The badge is is of good design and workmanship, having in the upper part the monogram j E. N., 1 and in the base the date 1879. In the centre a circular enamelled medallion with the device as on the mayor's seal, and the legend round it : — 2Surg tse TOtton, trusts : tibttatfef."
The chain bears the Birmingham hall-mark (anchor) and date letter for 1878, the badge the date letter for 1879. It was made by Mr. J. W. Singer, of Frome, and cost £57 15*.
1 James Edward Nightingale, F.S.A., author of Church Plate in Wilts, and Church Plate in Dorset, &c. Mayor of Wilton, 1872. Had much to do with the designing and purchasing of the chain in 1879.
By the 'Rev. E. H. Goddard.
59
The Loving Cup is represented by a small silver tankard 5§in.
high x 4 Jin. in diameter at the base. It has on the lid : —
WILTON BVRROVGH 1693
and on the front a shield of the town arms (really the arms of England), three lions passant guardant in pale, with the conventional stiff-leaf palm branch mantling of the period. It bears no hall- marks. It is of the usual type of small domestic tankards of the time.
The Seals. The Old Common Seal is a pointed oval in shape, 2 J in. long. The matrix is of brass. Under a triple canopy a representation of the shrine of S. Edith in the abbey at Wilton, with a shield of the arms of England above one end and an angel with a censer issuing from the clouds. Below, in a round-headed niche, is the half-length figure of an abbess. The legend reads (with a sprig after each word) : —
"Sbtgtllu' romuttc fcurgewg Ire KltUotu"
Its date is put by Mr. St. John Hope at the beginning of the fifteenth century.
The older Mayor's Seal is a circular one, 1 j-6 in- in diameter, the matrix of silver, of early fifteenth century date, under a triple canopy with a shield of England over the central pediment, a representation of the coronation of the Virgin, with the legend : — " £ : mamrttatte : fiurg tte totltcm."
The later seal is also circular, the matrix of steel, with ivory handle.
[Mr. St. J ohn Hope also notices as in possession of the corporation the ancient fifteenth century seal of the Hospital of St. Giles, the charity of which they have administered since the Reformation. It is a pointed oval 3 Jin. long, with a rude figure of St. Giles as Abbot, holding a crozier with a hind wounded by an arrow leaping up against him, under a canopy, the legend being : —
" ft' ftomu* elimorfitare get Sgctri ftijrta OaXtltoit."]
60 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire. \
WOOTTON BASSETT
is an old prescriptive borough.
In 1835 the corporation consisted of a mayor, two aldermen, I twelve capital burgesses, a town clerk or recorder, with two sergeants- j 1 at-mace, a constable, and a crier. The corporation is now dissolved. 11 The robes worn by the mayor were of red cloth trimmed with black ' | velvet; those of the aldermen and burgesses being of dark blue or ; purple camlet trimmed with black velvet.
. '\
The Maces. These, though much alike, are not an exact pair. 1 They bear no hall-marks. They are of silver with iron cores, and \ the heads are heavily loaded with lead. Both are much damaged, and have been frequently mended. ;|!,
No. 1 is 15in. long, No. 2 being 14J-in. They have plain semi- J \ globular heads with a cresting of fleur-de-lys and plain slender shafts \ with only bands for bosses. Projecting from the grip at the bottom I are five well-developed flanges precisely of the pattern of the flange 5j of the old war mace. Mace No. 1 has these five flanges silver-gilt j and all of one pattern — while No. 2 has lost one, and has two< L engraved with Elizabethan foliage. On the caps are engraved plain I shields of the royal arms as borne by James I., silver-gilt. There i is no mantling or initials or crown, only the date 1603 over the shield. Mace No. 1 has the shield engraved a much larger size i than that on No. 2. Both have the initials E. S. on the under part of the bowl of the head.
The Sword was presented by Mr. John Attersol, one of the| I Members for the borough in 1812, while his colleague — Mr. James I Kibblewhite — gave the robes. Each gift is said to have cost one j hundred guineas. It is really a very handsome thing, and the workmanship of the gilt brass mounts is good.
It measures 45 Jin. in length. The " grip " is of ivory bound with silver wire. The "pommel," "guard," and "chape" are oi gilt brass deeply engraved with leaf- work — the scabbard being oi crimson velvet edged with silver braid. The blade is straight and plain without mark or inscription.
By the Rev. E. E. Goddard.
61
The upper " locket " of the scabbard bears on one side the borough arms, gules a chevron between three lozenges argent^ and on the other side the arms of John Attersol, 1 and 4, argent a cross jlorij between four mullets ; 2 and 3, or on a bend wavy cotised three crosses. Crest, a ducal coronet transfixed with three spears (?) two in sallire and one in pale. Motto, Suivez la gloire.
The middle locket has the arms and crest of James Kibblewhite, in fess three ialbot's heads erased, in base a rose, on a chief as many roses. Crest, a talbot's head erased charged with a rose as in the arms. Motto, Mens Rrudens propositi tenax.2
The lower locket has only engraved leaf ornament.
The Seals, although known to have been in existence within living memory, had disappeared for many years until in March, 1893, one of them, with a steel head slightly oval in shape, measuring lin x fin. in diameter, with an ivory moulded handle 2fin. in height, turned up amongst a lot of sundries in the sale of the effects of an old inhabitant named Wiggins, and was bought by Mr. E. C. Trepplin. It bears a shield of the borough arms with very slight moulding, and the legend : —
"MINOR • SIGILLVM ■ WOOTTON • BASSETT • ALS • WOOTTON
VET US."
On the neck of the head is inscribed : —
"Ex dono Prenobil. L. Comitis Rochester 1682." 3
1 The shield of the borough arms differs from the Hyde arms from which it is taken in the tinctures.
2 James Kibblewhite was of a family long connected with North Wilts. His father was a basket-maker at Lydiard Millicent. He began life as an office-boy in the office of Mr. Bradford, solicitor, of Swindon, worked his way up, became an attorney in Gray's Inn, made money, was one of the founders of the Medical, Clerical, and General Life Assurance Company, in whose board-room his portrait hangs, and died leaving property worth some £60,000. For this and other information as to Wootton Bassett I am indebted to Mr. W. F. Parsons, of Hunt's Mill.
3 The donor was Lawrence Hyde, second son of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, M.P. for the borough from 1679 to 168 L, when he was created Baron of Wootton Bassett and Viscount Hyde, of Kenilworth. Earl of Rochester in 16S2. Died, 1711, after holding many high offices of State.
62 Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of Wiltshire.
Tho modem endorsing stamp lias the town arms with a buckled band inscribed : —
"BOROUGH OF WOOTTON BASSETT."
Constable's Staff. This is of wood, 4ft. lOin. long, with a plain gilt head on which, in relief, .are the initials C. R. and the date 1678.
Of the other old Wiltshire boroughs which have not been men- tioned, three were disfranchised before 1832, viz., Bradford, Mere, and Highworth. Great Bedwyn, I) own ton, Heytesbury, Hindon, Ludgershall, Old Sarum, as well as Wootton Bassett, were dis- franchised in 1832.
The common seal of (treat Bedwyn is figured in vol. vi., p. 271 of this Magazine. It is circular, bearing a shaped shield with elaborate moulding, azure, a tower domed argent. Crest, a griffin passant or, with the legend : —
"THE * COMMON • SEALE • OF • THE • CORPORATION ■ OF GREAT • BEDWIN."
I have not been able to discover any remaining insignia of the other boroughs.
[For many of the details as to the history of the corporations, and the seals, I have to acknowledge my indebtness to the proof sheets of Mr. St. J ohn Hope's forthcoming work, " The Corporation Plate and Insignia of England and Wales" which I have had the advantage of consulting. I take this opportunity, also, of expressing my thanks to the mayors, town clerks, and other officials of the various towns for the very great courtesy and kindness with which they have answered enquiries and have allowed me to see and take notes of the various insignia in their custody. I have, in addition, \ to thank Mr. C. W. Holgate, Mr. W. F. Parsons, and others, for l help readily given. — E. H. Gr.]
63
T]ie History of Chippenham, by the Rev. J. J. Daniell, Eector of Langley Burrell. Compiled from researches by the Author and from the Collections of the late Rev. Canon Jackson, F.S.A. B. F. Houlston, Chippenham and Bath. 1894, Cr. 8vo, cloth, Price 5s. nett.
This little book of 248 pages, with two illustrations of Old Chippenham, does not pretend to be an elaborate history of the town. Tbe author has aimed rather at giving an account of the more notable persons, events, buildings, and institutions connected with the history of the place and neighbourhood, gathered from the best available sources of information and arranged and written in such form and style as that the public at large may find it both easy and interesting to read, and may not be deterred from so doing by any appearance of archaeological dryness — and he has done his work well. As he tells us in the preface, a great deal of the historical information comes from Canon Jackson's unpublished papers, now at the Society of Antiquaries, and much of it is exceedingly interesting, not only to the general reader, but to the student of local history and antiquities. As will be seen from the following " contents," almost everything connected with the place is touched upon — The site of Chippenham — the Manor, Sheldon, Rowden, Monckton, Cocklebury and Foghamshire, Allington — Forests — Geology — River Avon, springs and wells, Lockswell Spring — The Garden of Wilts— Stanley Abbey — The Parish, Borough, Charters, Town Hall, M.Ps., Bailiffs, Town, Trade, Bridge, Cause- way, Plague, School, Fire of London, Riots, Manor of Ogbourne St. George — Nomina Villarum — Sheriffs of Wilts — Maud Heath's Causeway — The Civil Wars — Parish Church, Chantries, Vicars, Church Lands, Registers, Communion Plate, Bells, Churchwardens' Records, Monumental Inscriptions — WestTyther- ton — St. Paul's Church — List of Celtic and Saxon Words — Distinguished Natives — Persons of Note who have lived in the Neighbourhood — A useful index completing the book. The greater part of these subjects are treated shortly, accurately, and well, but there are one or two blemishes. The section on the Geology of Chippenham, for instance, really conveys no accurate idea of the facts ; whilst the surprising natural history stories on pages 36, 37 are quite unworthy of the rest of the book. In the list of words of " Celtic or Saxon origin " in local use, too, it is hard to see why such words as con- traption, whippersnapper, taut (tight), lackadaisical, fractious, humbug, hullaballoo, bran new, rapscallion, swop, blubber, wallop, &c, should find a place. The book has been favourably reviewed in the Devizes Gazette, August 30th, 1894.
Letters, Remains, and Memoirs of Edward Adolphus Seymour, Twelfth Duke of Somerset, K.Gk, in which are also included some
64
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
extracts from his two published Works on Christianity and Democracy. Edited and arranged by W. H. Mallock and Lady Gwendoline Eamsden. London. Ii. Bentley & Son. 8vo, cloth. 1893.
This is a well got up book of x and 547 pages, with a good autotype portrait of the Duke from a bust by Brock. It cannot be called a biography, for, with the exception of here and there a small print explanatory note, the letters are left to tell their own story. They deal with his home life, his travels on the Continent, and the active part which he took in politics for more than forty years. The large majority were written to his father, his wife, and his brother-in-law, Brinsley Sheridan, and although they cannot he said to be of any great public interest— here and there they contain a good story — yet they present the writer as an honourable and upright English gentleman, bound to his own home circle by the ties of great affection.
The epitome of his work on " Christian Theology and Modern Scepticism " shows that he entertained very liberal views on the doctrines of Christianity, and that, in his view, religious controversy should cease in the future in the presence of a latitudinarian scheme of comprehension for all Protestant denomi- nations. In his work on " Monarchy and Democracy " he traces shortly the growth of modern political opinions, quoting the various doctrines pro- pounded by distinguished writers on political science and comparing their predictions with the teaching of subsequent events and very shrewdly points out the dangers of the modern democratic ideal of government.
The Annals of the Yeomanry Cavalry of Wiltshire, vol. ii., from 1884 to 1893, by (Col.) Henry Graham. 8vo. Liverpool. D. Marples & Co. 1894.
This is a thin volume of 44 pages with an unnamed portrait (we believe of Col. Estcourt) as a frontispiece. In it the author continues the work he began in his first volume in 1886. The annals of the regiment are traced up to date, and end with an account of the centenary celebration. There are three ap- pendices, a list of officers 1884 — 1893, a list of regimental prize-winners, and the centenary muster roll. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, June 23rd, 1894- Th e Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant- General of the Horse in the Army of the Commonwealth of England, 1625 — 1672. Edited, with Appendices of Letters and Illustrative Documents, by C. H. Firth, M A. Two vols., 8vo. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1894. Vol. i., pp. xlix. and 436 ; vol, ii., pp. 571.
Since their first appearance in 1698 Ludlow's Memoirs, which are at once an autobiography and a history of his own time, have been looked upon as one of the chief authorities for the history of the period, and have been repeatedly reprinted, but Mr. Firth claims that this is the first edition in which a number of suppressed passages in the memoirs have been printed. The critical in- troduction of 49 pages by the Editor is partly intended to complete Ludlow's account of himself, and partly to estimate the value of his contribution to the general history of the period. In vol. i. there are five appendices,
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
65
containing the Pedigree of Ludlow, a Sketch of the Civil War in Wilts (pp. 439 — 482)— the account of General Ludlow — Ludlow's services in Ireland — and the Wiltshire Election of 1654 ; whilst vol. ii. contains appendices occupying 131 pages, on Col. Nicolas Kempson — Ludlow's command in Ireland — the articles against him — the Election for Hindon, 1660 — Letters of the English Exiles in Switzerland— Ludlow's visit to England in 1689 — Epitaphs, from Vevay — The site of Ludlow's House at Vevay. Of these, as will be seen several are concerned more or less with Wiltshire matters, whilst the Sketch of the Civil War in Wilts is an excellent outline of the general course of the struggle in the county, supplementing Ludlow's own account of the events in which he himself took part. There are a good many illustrative footnotes. The index at the end seems fairly full, and the Editor seems in every way to have done his work well. The text is that of the edition of 1698 with the errata noted in vol. iii. corrected.
Stonehenge, the Balearic Isles, and Malta ; Ancient Temples com- pared. By Capt. S. P. Oliver, F.S.A., is a paper in The Illustrated London Neios of August 4th, 1894.
Capt. Oliver apparently maintains, as he did a year or two ago in The Times, that the original condition of Stonehenge is to be explained by the analogy of the megalithic monuments of the Balearic Isles and of Malta. He argues that as it has been fairly proved that the upright pillars with cap stones on them, or "Taulas," found in the Balearic buildings, were really not altars, but pillars to support a roof— so the lintels of the outer sarsen circle at Stonehenge were to support the roof of a cloister or terrace surrounding the higher central roofed building— supported by the great trilithons, corresponding with the conical towers or " Talayots " of Minorca. The notion, he says, "that Stonehenge was hypsethral, or open to the sky, may certainly be dismissed from the mind " — though he does not tell us what the roof was made of, or what has become of it. He apparently believes that there was no outer circle at Stonehenge at all, but that the south-west side was cut off flat, as in some of the Mediterranean buildings, and that the entrance was on the south-east side.
Of Avebury he says : — " Avebury is generally quoted as a larger and ruder counterpart of Stonehenge, but so few stones remain in situ that is is almost impossible to re-construct it even in imagination. It is classed as a circle with interior circles, yet if Aubrey's plans (however uutrustworthy) are consulted, it will be seen that even in his day the circle is a stretch of the imagination — one side, that to the south-west, is decidedly flat, and the so-called circles within are decidedly of horseshoe shape, with straight facades also to south- west and south. The so-called avenues may have been lines of Cyclopean fortification, or portions of an enciente, and probably only the central stones inside the inner circles represented the ruins of edifices not dissimilar to those now seen in the Balearic Islands." The paper occupies two pages, and is illustrated with a plan and two photographic blocks of Stonehenge, with four others of megalithic structures in Minorca and Malta.
Wilton. In Good Words for July, 1894, is a paper by Geoffrey Winterwood, VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXII. F
66
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
with illustrations by G. Tidier, on Wilton House. The woodcuts, seven in number, of the entrance, the house and bridge, cloisters, interior of the bridge, house from the west, Holbein's Porch, and south-west view of the house, do not do justice to their subjects, and the singular charm of Wilton is hardly reflected in the sketchy letterpress.
Tlie Jutes and Wansdyke. In the October number of The Antiquary, vol. xxx., p. 152 — 156, Mr. P. M. Willis has a paper entitled " Notes on the Jutes," in which he puts forward arguments, principally etymological, to prove that the Jutes took a much more prominent place in the Teutonic conquest of Britain than has hitherto been supposed. Mr. Willis does not dogmatise on the point, but professedly gives the reasons for his theory for what they are worth. How far his etymological arguments are sound is not easy to judge. He quotes from Henry of Huntingdon the following passage : — " A.D. 478. Hengist, King of Kent, died in the fortieth year after his invasion of Britain, and his son Esc reigned thirty-four years. Esc, inheriting his father's valor, firmly defended his kingdom against the Britons,and augmented it by territories conquered from them." He considers that until the coming of Cerdic and Cynric and the West Saxons in 519 the supreme power lay with the Jutes, the " Kingdom of the Kentish people " being a much more extended district than that which we know now as Kent. " It is with this extension of Kent," Mr. Willis says, " of which Henry of Huntingdon speaks that I connect Wansdyke, and although the latter was probably never completed, it was, I imagine, iEsc's intention to carry it right across the island from channel to channel as a northern boundary to the larger kingdom for which he was striving."
The Museums at Farnham, Dorset, and at King John's House, Tollard Royal, pp. 166—171, in The Antiquary for October, 1894 (vol. xxx.), is the title of a long and extremely appreciative article by Roach le Schonix on the wonderful series of institutions which Gen. Pitt-Rivers has established near Rushmore. The arrangement, classification, and labelling of these collections are spoken of in the highest terms. Of the collection of ancient pottery the writer says : — " We know of no other museum that has anything like so perfect a general collection illustrative of the various styles of pottery prevailing in different countries and at different periods, though there are a few that have a far richer variety under one or other special heading."
" A Short Ghride to the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore ; King John's House ; and the Museum at Farnham, Dorset, by Lt.-Gren. Pitt- Rivers, F.R.S., F.S.A.," is an 8vo pamphlet of 16 pp., giving a short account of the pleasure grounds and museums already mentioned. It is illustrated with a map of the neighbourhood, plans of the museums, and fifteen photographic views of the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore Park, the museum, and King John's House, admirably reproduced, as well as a cut of the Larmer Tree.
A long notice of the book, with an illustration of King John's House, appears in the Illustrated Archceologist, September 1894, vol. ii., p. 115.
Wiltshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles.
67
Report on Experiments with Potatoes and Onions in Warminster and District, 1893. 4to ; wrapper. London. 1894. Price Is. Is pub- lished by the Technical Education Committee of the Wilts County Council, and consists of 32 pages recording the results of elaborate investigations into the value of different manures, the best methods of checking disease, and the varieties of potato best suited to different soils and circumstances, &c. The analyst's reports are by J. M. H. Munro, and the general report by E. S. Beaven and E. H. Smith. It is illustrated by a good plate of six micro-photographs of the organisms which are responsible for the potato disease. Noticed in Salisbury Journal, March 24th, 1894.
Salisbury Cathedral. In Messrs. Cassell's " Cathedrals, Abbeys and Churches of England and Wales," 4to, an article of 7 pages, by H. T. Armfield, is devoted to Salisbury. This, though written in a popular form, is by no means of the ordinary " handbook " type, but is full of valuable suggestions and criticisms — as to the original position of the high altar — the different effect of the polychrome decorations in ancient times and at present — and other like points. The article is illustrated by an excellent full-page photo-print of the Palace and Cathedral from the Palace grounds, and by four other decent woodcuts in the letterpress.
Poems in Pink. By W. Phillpotts Will iams, Master and Huntsman of the Netton Harriers. Cr. 8vo, cloth, pp. 79. Salisbury, Brown & Co. ; London, Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. Price 5s. This volume contains some thirty pieces, of which the majority are hunting ballads. Many of them have already appeared in Bailey's Magazine, Land and Water, The Sportsman, and The Country Gentleman — others are printed here for the first time.
A favourable review of the book appeared in the Salisbury Journal for September 22nd, 1894.
Truffle Hunting. The Standard of October 6th, 1894, contains an article descriptive of the process of hunting for truffles with dogs — with special reference to the neighbourhood of Winterslow and Salisbury. English truffles we are told are worth about "2s. 6d. per lb., and the counties in which they most abound are Wilts, Hants, and Dorset.
Winterslow is again brought into notice by a long article in the Pall Mall Gazette of September 20th, 1894, on Major Poore's extremely interesting experiment there in the sale or lease of plots of land to small holders. This article has been reproduced by many of the county papers.
Downton. An article from The Agricultural Gazette on the College of Agriculture at Downton, by H. E., is noticed in the Salisbury Journal, February 24th, 1894.
Marlborough. Great Public Schools, published by Edward Arnold. London, 1893 — Qs. — contains an illustrated article on Marlborough College.
F 2
68
Wiltshire Booh, Pamphlets, and Articles.
01(1 Sariim. In The Sunday Magazine for October, 1894, there is an article on " The Green Rings of Old Sarum," by Wm. Canton, with several illus- trations by A. Quinton.
Wilts Book Plates. The Journal of the JEx Libris Society, vol. iii., p. 92, 93, has an article on " Gore Book Plates," by J. R. B., with two illustrations, in which they are attributed to Thomas Gore, of Alderton ; and in voL iv., part 6, there is an article of two-and-a-half pages, with three illustrations* on "The Hungerford Book Plate," by J. Whitmarsh.
Early Man in Marlborough, by J. W. Brooke, 8vo, 12 pages. This is the paper read bj Mr. Brooke at the Marlborough Meeting of the Society on July 19th, 1894. It was reported fully in the local papers at the time, and was reprinted in pamphlet form from the columns of The Marlborough Times. Mr. Brooke's record of the discovery of what he believes to be Palaeolithic Flint weapons on the surface at Pantawick and elsewhere near Marlborough, and still more his belief that he has found weapons of this age in situ in the gravel pits of Savernake Forest, are very interesting points, but the scientific value of his paper as a whole is quite marred by the very loose rein which the author gives to his imagination in describing the life of Palaeolithic man in the Pewsey Vale, and in the theories which he advances as to the origin and use of Avebury and Stonehenge and Silbury. To say, as he does, that " the earliest objects of worship in this locality were the two stupendous works of labour and patience the Marlborough Mound and Silbury Hill " is to make a statement which he brings forward no proof to support, and which will seem to the great majority of those who have studied the subject very misleading.
Cecily among the Birds is a bright story for children, in which birds are the chief actors, by Miss Maude Prower (of Purton), which occupies 11 pages in the October and November numbers of The Animal World.
Robert Carroll, by M. E, Le Clerc (Miss Margaret E. Clarke), is an historical novel of the time of the Young Pretender. Noticed in The Standard, 1893.
A Toy Tragedy is the title of a story recently published by Mrs. H. de la Pasture (of Malmesbury).
Tha Parish Councils Bill is a Dialogue in Wiltshire Dialect by Mr. E. Slow, of Wilton. Reprinted in pamphlet form, 12mo, from The Weekly Hecord.
Lord Lansdowne's Yiceroyalty of India— a notice from The Times— is reprinted in the Devizes Gazette, June 28th, 1894.
Bichard J efferies. Longman s Magazine for June. 1894, has an unpublished paper by him — "The Spring of the Tear."
A. Blue Book, with a report by Mr. Aubrey J. Spenser on the condition of Agricultural Labour in Wilts, &c, was noticed in the Salisbury Journal, August 12th, 1893.
Will shire Boo&s, Pamphlets, and Articles.
69
The Report of the Wiltshire Delegate, Mr. W. Weekes, of Cleverton, Chippenham; on Agricultural Prospects in Canada, is given in the Devizes Gazette, January 4th, 1894.
A Wiltshire Ballad, "Oh! the pity of it," appears in The Pall Mall Budget June 21st, 1894. The Wiltshire rustic is made to talk of
" Hushed glades of Heden land Rose crystal spring." ! !
The Tendency towards Centralization in County Management. Edward Stanford, Cockspur Street. Reprinted from The Wiltshire Mirror. A paper by Major Poore, noticed in The Guardian, August 15th, 1894.
Wiltshire Pictures. In the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition there was a distant view of Salisbury Cathedral from the north-west, across the meadows, by C. E. Johnson (No. 278) ; and in the New Gallery (No. 9), " Evening at Stonehenge," by Frank Dillon, the sun setting behind the stones, the soil sandy.
The Grafton Gallery Exhibition of "Fair Women" included the portraits of Mary Sidney, Countess of Pembroke, by Marc Gheeraedts, lent by Lord de L'Isle and Dudley ; Frances Seymour, Marchioness of Granby, d. of Charles, Sixth Duke of Somerset, by Hogarth, lent by the Duke of Rutland ; and the following works of Sir Thomas Lawrence : — Eliza Farren, Countess of Derby, lent by W. Beaumont, Esq.; another of the same, lent by the Earl of Wilton ; Mrs. Fraser, lent by Col. Mackenzie Fraser ; Georgina Lennox, Countess Bathurst, lent by Earl Bathurst ; Jane Elizabeth Digby, Lady Ellenborough, lent by Alfred Morrison, Esq. ; Mrs. Locke, lent by Lady Walsingham ; Harriet Maria Day, lent by A. Smith Wright, Esq. ; " Charity," lent by H. Samuel, Esq.
Obituary Notices.
Mr. Alec Taylor. The Devizes Gazette, September 20th, 1894, had a notice of this well-known trainer of racehorses, who died at Manton on September 13th. A notice from The Sportsman is also quoted.
Greorge William Thomas Brudenell Bruce, fourth Marquis of Ailesbury, died April 10th, 1894. Born 1863. Succeeded his grandfather — the third marquis — in 1886. (He was the son of George John Brudenell Bruce and Evelyn Mary, second daughter of the Earl of Craven). Obituary notices appeared in the Daily Telegraph, The Star, St. James's Gazette, Devizes Gazette, Wilts County Mirror, and other papers. He never took his seat in the House of Lords, and leaves no children,
Rev. Richard Haking, Mus. Doc. A short in memoriam notice in The Guardian, September 19th, 1894, by F. A. J. H. Mr. Haking was best known as an accomplished musician. He published several pieces of Church music. He was Vicar of Rodbourne Cheney, Wilts, 1862 — 73 ; Rector of
70
Wittshire Books, Pamphlets, and Articles,
Easton Grey, Wilts, 1873—82, and Rector of Congham, Norfolk, from 1882 until his death.
Algernon Percy Banks St. Manr, fourteenth Duke of Somerset, born 1813, died October 2nd, 1894. Short notices appeared in The Standard, October 4th ; Devizes Gazette, October 4th ; and Pall Mall Gazette. The latter states that " He and the late Duke of Beaufort were the finest amateur whips of the day." He was the author of the chapter on " Old Coaching Days " in the Badminton volume on " Driving." The Illustrated London News, October 13th, 1894, had also a portrait and short notice.
Sir John Astley died October 10th, 1894. Short notices in the Devizes Gazette and Wilts County Mirror. Portrait in Illustrated London News,. October 13th, 1894. He was born at Eome in 1828, educated at Eton and Christchurch, went through the Crimean War in the Scots Fusilier Guards, Lt.-Col. 1859. Married Eleanor Blanche Corbet. M.P. for North Lincolnshire, 1876 — 80. An owner of racehorses and well known in all sporting and athletic circles. In 1894 he published an autobiography entitled " -Fifty Years of My Lifer Buried at Elsham, Lincolnshire.
James Hawlence, of Bulb ridge House, died September 15th, 1894, aged 84. Obituary notices of him appeared in the Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, October, The Wiltshire County Mirror, September 21st, Devizes Gazette, and other papers. Born at Fordingbridge April 21st, 1810, living successively at Heale Farm, near Salisbury (1838) and at Bulbridge, near Wilton (1855), he was very widely known as a land agent, a leading agriculturist, and great breeder of Hampshire Down sheep, and was respected as widely as he was known.
Susan Esther Wordsworth, born March 16th, 1842, died June 23rd, 1894, at the Palace, Salisbury. Buried at Britford, It may safely be said that no woman now living is so well known and so widely beloved throughout the counties of Dorset and Wilts as was Mrs. Wordsworth. Taking from the first the greatest interest in all diocesan work — more especially in work which affected the welfare of women — and travelling everywhere with her husband, the Bishop, through the length and breadth of the two counties, she did in Wiltshire as she had already done in Oxford, winning the affectionate esteem of all who came in contact with her. Truth spoke of her as " the best bishop's wife since Mrs. Tait," and when the end came she was mourned not less sincerely by rich, and poor alike in the Diocese of Salisbury than she was by those who had been privileged to know her in the old Oxford days at Brasenose. The World, The Daily Telegraph, The Salisbury Journal, The Wilts County Mirror of June 29th, The Devizes Gazette of June 28th, The Guardian of July 4th, and many other papers contained obituary notices.
William Sainsbury, M,D., of Corsham. A long biographical notice ap- peared in the Devizes Gazette of June 14th, 21st and 28th, 1894.
Obituary notices also appeared of James Waylen, in the Devizes Gazette, January 25th, 1894 ; Mr. Benett Stanford, of Pyt House, in
The Morning Leader ; and of Mary, Dowager Yiscountess Sidmouth, in the Devizes Gazette, January 25th, 1894.
71
§M>itions to fftecnm m\b yifttarg.
The Museum.
Presented by Mr. Cunnington, F.G.S., about one hundred specimens of Wiltshire fossils, including : —
iSlab of Forest Marble, showing ripple marks and footprints of
Crustaceans, &c, from near Charlton Park. Large Ventriculites radiatus, Oldbury Hill. Phyniaplectia scitula, Chalk Flint, Oare. Two specimens. Phyniaplectia irregularis, Chalk Flint, Oare. Ventriculites decurrens, Chalk, Oldbury Hill. Fossil Wood, Lower Green Sand, bridge foundations, Cane Hill. Callopegma, Chalk Flint, Oldbury, and from Oare. Heterostinia obliqua, Chalk Flint, Oare. Thamnastraaa concinna, Cor., Westbrook.
Holodietyon capitatum, Upper Green Sand, Warminster (two individuals) .
Holodietyon capitatum, with six individuals.
Jerea, species, Upper Green Sand, dug up in Market Place,
Devkes.
Phopalospongia gregaria var., Upper Green Sand, Warminster. Nematinion calyculum, Upper Green Sand, Warminster. Teredo in Fossil Wood, Flint, North Wilts. Pecten annularis, Cornbrash, Stanton St. Quintin. Corynella lycoperdioides, Bradford Clay, Bradford-on-Avon. Lingula, Kimmeridge Clay, Foxhangers, Devizes. Lingula, Oxford Clay, Christian Malford. Ventriculites impressus, Lower Chalk, Heytesbury.
72 Additions to Museum, and Library.
Phorosphoora, varieties, Wilts and Kent. Verticellipora cretacea, Chalk Flint, Oldbury Hill.
Purchased — Wilts Token : —
No. in Williamson.
239
No. in Boyne.
r Number of Value Specimens >ame' the Society's Museum.
HENERY . HE STALL = Two pipes crossed.
IN . SWINDON . 1668 = Three sugar loaves.
and second examples of Sarum, George Page, 1657 ; and William Yiner.
Presented by Mr. Porter : — Trowbridge Token, Grorham. Presented by Mr. W. Eowden : — Cavalry Hat of the original Wilts Yeomanry.
Presented by Mr. Gr. Cartwright: — Sarsen Knbber fonnd with human bones under a large sarsen stone at Down Barn, Pickle Dean Bottom, Overton. Also Hammer-stone of Oolite, and Sarsen Rubber, from Overton.
Presented by Mr. W. Stratton : — Eomano-British Bronze Fibula, Bronze Wire Bangle, Implement made of the Horn of the Roe Deer, and portion of Bracelet of carved Kimmeridge Shale, from Cold Kitchen Hill.
Presented by Mrs. Sloper: — Parish Constable's Staff of Bishops Cannings and ditto of Bedborough Hundred.
The Library.
Bequeathed by the late Mr. J. Waylen : — Canon Jackson on Amye Robsart, f rom Nineteen t h Century. Memoir of Rev. Samuel Webley, of Trowbridge. Letter of Bishop Henchman re preaching of Stanley, &c. W. Houlbrook, of Marlborough, the Loyal Blacksmith and no Jesuite.
Presented by The Author (Lord Arundell, of Wardour) : — Two Englishmen who served with distinction in the cause of Christendom — Sir Ed. Wydville and Sir Thomas Arundell.
Presented by Mr. T. H. Bakeb :— Select Works of Bishop Douglas with Bio- graphical Memoir, 1820. Tracts of Thomas Hobbes, vol. i., 1681.
Additions to Museum and Library.
73
Presented by Mr. W. H. Bell : — Stonehenge and its probable Age and Uses, by W. A.'judd.
Presented by the Rev. W. P. S. Bingham : — The Works of Bishop Jewell, Parkei Society, 1845—50. The Church Historians of England (including Richard of Devizes), translated by the Rev. J. Stevenson. 8vo. Lond. 1S58.
Presented by Thb Authoe (Mr. J. W. Brooke) : — Early Man in Marlborough. 1894.
Presented by Mrs. H. Cunnington : — Old Licenses. Reminiscences of T. Assheton Smith. Joseph : a Poem by Rev. C.Lucas. 1810. Newmania (Rev. C. Lucas).
Presented by The Author (the Rev. J. J. Daniell) : — History of Warminster.
Bath Church Rambler, two vols. The Life of George Herbert, S.P.C.K., 1893.
History of Chippenham, 1894. Presented by Mr. G. E. Daetnell : — Salisbury, from Cassells' Cathedrals,
Abbeys, and Churches. Cuttings from South Wilts newspapers. Presented by The Authoe (Mr. A. C. Fryer) : — Llantwit Major : a Fifth Century
University, 1893.
Presented by the Rev. E. H. Goddaed : — Report on Experiments with Potatoes
and Onions in Warminster and District, 1893. In Memoriam Notice S. E.
Wordsworth. The Fight at Dame Europa's School. Presented by The Authoe (Lt.-Col. H. Graham) : — Annals of the Yeomanry
Cavalry of Wiltshire, vol. ii, 1884—93. Presented by The Authoe (Mr. R. Inwards) : — Some Phenomena of the
Upper Air. 1894.
Presented by the Rev. W. J. Luckman :— Waylen's History of Marlborough. The Bath Church Rambler, vol. i.
Presented by Mr. H. H. Ludlow Beuges :— Memoirs of Lt.-Gen. Edmund Ludlow, Ed. C. H. Firth, two vols., 1894.
Presented by The Authoe (Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S.) :— The Catalogue of the Marlborough Gems, 4to, 1870. The following Pamphlets : — Mineral Constituents of Meteorites — Petrology of the Island of Rodriquez — Diaman- tiferous Rock of South Africa — Notices of Aerolites — Notes on Connelite and Columbite — Chemical Composition of Canauba Wax — The Collections at the British Museum— Diamonds — Meteoric Stones — Insight obtained into Nature of Crystal Molecule by Light— New Cornish Minerals — Systematic Distribution of Physical Characters in Crystals — Notes on Lectures at the Chemical Society — Optical Characters of Ludlamite.
Presented by Mr. H. E. Medlicott : — Jones, Fasti EcclesiaB Sarisburiensis and Statutes. W. Chitty, Historical Account of the Long Family. Gillman's Devizes Registers, 1869, 70, 72, 76, 83. Hare's Memorials of a Quiet Life. Biographies of Romney and Sir Thomas Lawrence, by Lord Ronald Gower. N. Wilts Church Magazine, 1874—93. Salisbury Diocesan Gazette, 1888—93. Rules of the Bear Club, 1869. Account of Funds for Estcourt Memorial, Devizes. Salisbury Cathedral Restoration, List of Subscribers, 1877. An- tiquities of Marlborough College, second ed. Marlborough College Prolusiones, 1876. Reports of the Wilts Friendly Society, County Treasurer, Wiltshire Society, Wilts Asylum, &c. Wilts Constabulary Standing Orders, &c.
74
Additions to Museum and Library.
Presented by Mr. A. C. Pass : — Expenses of Printing Hoare's Modern Wilts. MS. Fol. Bound.
Presented by The Author (Gen. Pitt-Rivers) : — Short Guide to the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore, King John's House, and the Museum at Farnham.
Presented by Mr. A. Schomberg- : — Concise History of Wells Cathedral. J. Davis. 1809. Waylen's House of Cromwell and Story of Dunkirk.
Presented by The Someeset Archaeological Society : — Guide to the Museum at Taunton, 1893.
Presented by the Rev. G. P. Toppin : — Glory : a Wiltshire Story by Mrs.Linnfeus
Banks. Newspaper Cuttings. Presented by Mr. E. Doran Webb : — Salisbury Field Club Reports, vol. i. Presented by Mr. F. M. Willis :— Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow. Fol. 3rd
ed. 1751.
Acquired by purchase or exchange : — The Works of Bishop Sherlock and Account of His Life, by T. S. Hughes, five vols., 1830. Bowles, Scenes and Shadows of Days Departed, 1837. Crabbe's Tales of the Hall, three vols. Sir T. Phillipps, Wilts Freeholders' Book, &c. Tour through South of England, Wales, and Part of Ireland, 1791. Rev. F. Fox, of Potterne, New Testament with Notes, two vols., 1722. Capt. Rowland Money, of Whetham, Wheat and Tares, 1820. Dr. Bull's Academy, and The Radical Member, by Author of Dame Europa's School. The History of Marlborough College, 1893. Seventy Wiltshire Acts of Parliament. Diaries of Sir Daniel Gooch, 1892. Lists of Devizes Burgesses. Pal aeon tographical Society, vol. for 1863. Eleven papers from Longman's Magazine, by R. Jefferies, 1883—92. Armfield, Guide to the Statues and West Front of Salisbury Cathedral. The New Schools and School-men, Poem. Short Account of Salisbury Cathedral. J. Hanson, Ministry of Women. W. Doel, Twenty Golden Candlesticks, History of Nonconformity in Western Wiltshire. Funeral Sermon on J. Sergeant, 1878. Bowles, a Few Words on Cathedral Clergy. Hymns used at Parish Church, Farleigh Castle. Funeral Sermon on Rev. R. Elliot, 1853. Wiltshire Meeting on Roman Catholic Claims, Devizes, 1813. History of Old Congregational Church at Westbury, 1875. The Dove, or Passages of Cosmography, by R. Zouche, 1839. Autobiography of Sir Benjamin Brodie, 1865. J. C. Salmon, of High worth, Leisure Hours with good Authors, and Musings on the Book of Nature. Memoirs of Lord Bolingbroke, by G. W. Cooke, two vols., 1835, Life of the First Earl of Shaftesbury, by Marty n & Kippis, ed, by G. W. Cooke, two vols., 1836. Brown's Illustrated Guide to Salisbury Cathedral, 1877. The Illustrated Handbook to Salisbury Cathedral. Life and Corres- pondence of the First Lord Sidmouth, by G. Pellew, three vols., 1847. Rev. B. Thomas, of Malmesbury, Sermons, two vols., 1783. Life and Labours of Dr. Adam Clarke. Vol. of Wilts Sermons, by Dean Pearson, F. W. Fowle, G. P. Lowther, M. W. Mayow, C. Lipscomb, H. Deane, and Canon Jackson. Wiltshire, from England and Wales Illustrated, 1764. Wiltshire Notes and Queries, Parts i. — vii.
HURRY & PEARSON, Printers and Publishers, Devizes.
QUERIES AND REQUESTS.
Wilts Bibliography. With a view to collecting- materials for the Bibliography of the County, Members of the Society and others interested in the subject are requested to send notices of (1) any boohs or pamphlets bearing on Wiltshire in any way, (2) booh or pamphlets of any kind written by Wiltshiremen, which may come under their notice, to Mr. C. W. Holgate, Palace, Salisbury ; or the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett. In the case of scarce books or pamphlets the title page should be accurately transcribed in full, and the size of the book and number of pages given. Cuttings from Booksellers' Catalogues are also desired.
Wilts Dialect. Mr. G. E. Dartnell, Abbottsjield, Salisbury, and the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett, would be greatly obliged if Members interested in the dialect of the county would send them notes of any Wiltshire words not already noted in " Contributions tozoards a Wiltshire Glossary," in Nos. 76, 77, and 80 of the Magazine.
Notes on Local Archeology and Natural History. The Editor of the Magazine asks Members in all parts of the county to send him short concise notes of anything of interest, in the way of either Archaeology or Natural History, connected with Wiltshire, for insertion in the Magazine.
Churchyard Inscriptions. The Rev. E. H. Goddard would be glad to hear from anyone who is willing to take the trouble of copying the whole of the in- scriptions on the tombstones in any churchyard, with a view to helping in the gradual collection of the tombstone inscriptions of the county. Up to the present, about 35 churches and churchyards have been completed or promised.
The English Dialect Dictionary. — Help needed. Professor Joseph Wright, of Oxford, appeals for help from those interested in philological studies, in reading and " slipping " Glossaries and books containing dialect words, in order that the work may be sufficiently advanced to enable him to begin the task of editing the enormous mass of material — weighing about one ton — which has been accumulating for the last twenty years. The Dictionary is to cover entirely different ground from that of Murray's " New English Dictionary," being confined strictly to non-literary English. Anyone willing to help may obtain full information from Professor J. Wkight, 6, Norham Road, Oxford ; or G. E. Dartnell, Esq., Abbottsjield, Stratford Road, Salisbury.
WILTSHIRE WORDS, a Glossary of Words used in the County of Wiltshire, by G. E. Dartnell and the Rev. E. H. Goddard. 8vo, 1893. Pp. xix. and 235. Price, 15s. net. A re-publication by the English Dialect Society of the three papers of " Contributions towards a Wiltshire Glossary which have appeared in the Wilts Arch. Mag., in connected form, with many additions and corrections, prefaced by a short, grammatical introduction, and containing twelve pages o[ specimens of u :" 1 : - ' " " " 1 • ' — —
Wiltshire Books wanted for the Library.
The response to the appeal issued on the cover of the last Magazine has been so encouraging1 — no less than sixteen out of the forty-five books asked for having been presented already — that this second list of " Books wanted " is printed in the hope that it may meet with equal good fortune.
Sir T. Philipps. Wiltshire Pipe Rolls. N. Wilts Musters. Rotulus
Hildebrandi de London and Johis de Harnham, &c. Hoare. Registrum Wiltunense. Chronicon Vilodunense, fob Hoare Family. Early History and G nealogy, &c, 1883. Norris, Rev. J., of Bemerton. Works. Beckford. Recollections of, 1893.
Memoirs of, 1859. Beck ford's Thoughts on Hunting, 1781. Beckford Family. Reminiscences, 1887. Lawrence, Sir T. Cabinet of Gems.
„ „ Life and Correspondence, by Williams.
Sporting Incidents in the Life of another Tom Smith, M.F.H., 1867. Marlbc rough College Register.
Lord Clarendon. History of the Rebellion, Reign of Charles II., Clarendon Gallery Characters, Clarendon and Whitelocke compared, the Clarendon Family vindicated, &c.
Cassan's Lives of the Bishops of Salisbury.
Life of Thomas Boulter, of Poulshot, Highwayman.
Broad Chalke Registers. Moore, 1881.
Akerman's Archaeological Index.
J. Britton. Bowood and its Literary Associations.
Hobbes (T.). Leviathan.
Harris. Hermes.
Oliver (Dr. G.). Collections illustrating a History of Catholic Religion in Cornwall, Wilts, &c.
Bishop Burnet. History of His Own Time. „ „ History of the Reformation. ,, „ Passages in Life of John, Earl of Rochester.
Warton (Rev. J., of Salisbury). Poems, 1794.
Woollen Trade of Wilts, Gloucester and Somerset, 1803.
Wiltshire Worthies, Notes, Biographical and Topographical, by J. Strat- ford, 1882.
Riot in the County of Wilts, 1739.
Price. Series of Observations on the Cathedral Church of Salisbury.
Addison (Joseph). Life and Works.
Life of John Tobin, by Miss Benger.
Gillman's Devizes Register, 1859—69.
R. Jefferies. Any of his Works.
Besant's Eulogy of R. Jefferies.
Petrie's Stonehenge.
Description of the Wilton House Diptych. Arundel Society. Crabbe. Life. Poetical Works. Moore. Poetical Works. Memoirs. Mrs. Marshall. Under Salisbury Spire. Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia. Sarum Use.
Armfield. Legend of Christian Art. Salisbury Cathedral. 1869. Walton's Lives. Hooker. Herbert. Any Books, Pamphlets, &c, written by Natives of Wiltshire on any subject will also be acceptable.
No. LXXXIII.
JUNE, 1895.
Vol. XXVIII.
THE
WILTSHIRE
SMjitologiral anil Hotarnl Instatj
MAGAZINE,
PuMutfjett nntrcr fyz mirtttian
OF THE
SOCIETY FORMED IN THAT COUNTY, A.I). 1853.
EDITED BY
REV. E. H. GODDARD, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.
DEVIZES :
Printed and sold for the Society by Hurry & Pearson, St. John Stkeet.
Price , 5s. 6d. ; Members, Gratis.
NOTICE TO MEMBERS.
TAKE NOTICE, that a copious Index for the preceding eight Volumes of the Magazine will be found at the end of Vols, viii., xvi., and xxiv.
Members who have not paid their Subscriptions to the Society for the current year, are requested to remit the same forthwith to the Financial Secretary, Mr David Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes, to whom also all communications as to the supply of Magazines should be addressed.
The Numbers of this Magazine will be delivered gratis, as issued, to Members who are not in arrear of their Annual Subscrip- tions, but in accordance with Byelaw No. 8 " The Financial Secretary shall give notice to Members in arrear, and the Society's publications will not be forwarded to Members whose subscriptions shall remain unpaid after such notice."
All other communications to be addressed to the Honorary Secre- taries : H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes ; and the Rev. E. H. Goddard, Clyffe Vicarage, Wootton Bassett.
A resolution has been passed by the Committee of the Society, " that it is highly desirable that every encouragement should be given towards obtaining second copies of Wiltshire Parish Registers "
THE SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS.
To Be Obtained of Mr. D. Owen, 31, Long Street, Devizes.
THE BRITISH AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES OF THE NORTH WILTSHIRE DOWNS, by the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. One Volume, Atlas 4to, 248 pp., 17 large Maps, and 110 Woodcuts, Extra Cloth. Price £2 2s. One copy offered to each Member of the Society, at £1 11 s. 6d.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OP WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo. 504 pp., with map. Extra Cloth. By the Rev. T. A. Preston, M.A. Price to the Public, 16*. ; but one copy offered to every Member of the Society at half- price.
CATALOGUE OP THE SOCIETY'S LIBRARY AT THE MUSEUM, Price 3s. 6d. To Members 2s. 6d.
CATALOGUE OP WILTSHIRE TRADE TOKENS IN THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTION. Price 6d.
BACK NUMBERS OF THE MAGAZINE. Price 5*. 6d. (except in the case of a few Numbers, the price of which is raised.) A reduction, however, is made to Members taking several copies.
WILTSHIRE— THE TOPOGRAPHICAL COLLECTIONS OF JOHN AUBREY, F.R.S., A.D. 1659-70. Corrected and Enlarged by the Rev. Canon J. E. Jackson, M.A., P.S.A. In 4to, Cloth, pp. 491, with 46 Plates. Price £2 10*.
INDEX OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAPERS. The alphabetical Index of Papers published in 1891, 1892, and 1893, by the various Archaeological and Antiquarian Societies throughout England, compiled under the direction of the Congress of Archaeological Societies. Price 3a?. each.
THE BIRDS OF WILTSHIRE. One Volume, 8vo., 613 pp., Extra Cloth. By the Rev. A. C. Smith, M.A. Price reduced to 10*. 6d.
THE
WILTSHIRE
Itrjueolngiral niiil Uuftttiil Bistort) MAGAZINE.
\o LXXXIII. JUNE, 1895. Vol. XXVIII.
COtttCtttg* PAGE
Account of the Forty-First General Meeting, at Marlborough 75 Notes on Upper Upham Manor- House : by Harold Brakspear,
A.R.I.B.A 84
Notes on a Roman Cross-Bow, &c., found at Southgrove Farm,
Burbage : by the Rev. E. H. Goddard 87
The Geology of the Railway Line from Chiseleon to Col-
lingbourne : by F. J. Bennett, F.G.S., H.M. Geological Survey ... 91 Notes on Objects from a Saxon Interment at Basset Down:
by the Rev. E. H. Goddard 104
The Belfry formerly standing in the Close, Salisbury, and
its Bells : by John Harding 108
Notes on Churches in the Neighbourhood of Marlborough :
by C. E. Pouting, F.S.A , 120
The Gravestone of Ilbert de Chaz : by C. H. Talbot , 146
Lists of Non-Parochial Registers and Records : Copied and
Communicated by Mr. A. Coleman 149
Notes on Aldbourne Church : by E. Doran Webb, F.S.A 156
Richard Jefferies — Bibliographical Addenda: by George E.
Dartnell (Continued) 160
Notes, Arch^ological and Historical 167
Notes on Natural History 175
Personal Notices of Wiltshiremen 180
Notes on Wiltshire Books, &c , 184
Magazine Articles, &c 189
Other Books and Articles by Wiltshiremen , 195
The Sale of Canon Jackson's Library 197
Additions to Museum 198
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Upper Upham Manor House 84
Articles (figs. 1 — 4) from Romano-British Interment at
Romano-British Cross-bow Catch of Bone, from South- grove Farm ; Steel example of ditto from 16th Century Cross-bow; and Roman Stamp from Broad Hinton... 89
Diagram and Sketch Map of the Geology of the Railway Cutting from Chiseldon to Collingbourne 92
Iron objects (figs. 1 — 5) from Saxon Interment at Basset Down 105
Objects (figs. 6 — 18) found in Saxon Interments at Basset Down 106
Saxon Saucer-shaped Fibulae (figs. 19 and 20), found at Basset Down 107
Ground Plan, East Elevation and Sections of Chapel at Chisbury 126
Plan and Elevation of Windows, Details of East Window, &c, at Chisbury Chapel 126
DEYIZES : — Hurry & Pearson, 4, St. John Street.
THE
WILTSHIRE MAGAZINE.
"multobum manibtts geande levatub onus." — Ovid.
JUNK, 1895.
THE FORTY-FIRST GENERAL MEETING
OF THE
JBHtltsJjtre Srcfjafologtral an* Natural fitetorg Soctetg,
HELD AT MARLBOROUGH, July im, 201A, and 21st, 1894. Sir Henry Bruce Metjx, Bart., President of the Society. Mr. W. S. Bambridge, Mayor of Marlborough, in the Chair.1
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, at which some forty-four Members were present, was held at 3 o'clock on July 19th, in the Town Hall, where the Members of the Society were received by the Mayor and Members of the Corporation of the Borough in their official robes, accompanied by the two maces, than which there are few better examples of the Commonwealth period in England. The Mayor (Mr. W. S. Bambridge) welcomed the Society to Marlborough, and took the chair, in the absence of the President, who was unavoidably prevented from attending, but sent a handsome contribution towards the expenses of the Meeting. Mr. Medlicott thanked the Mayor and Members of the Local Committee for the cordial reception they had prepared for the Society, and proceeded to read the Annual Report (printed in the last number of the
1 The Editor desires to acknowledge the assistance he has derived from the pages of the Marlborough Times and the Swindon Advertiser in the pre- paration of this report.
VOL. XXVIII. NO. LXXXI1I. G
76
The Forty-first General Meeting.
Magazine), the adoption of which was proposed by the Rev. H. R. Whytehead, who praised the recent numbers of the Magazine, and seconded by the Rev. Gk S. Master, who, speaking as a Member both of the Somersetshire and the Gloucestershire Societies, as well as of our own, corrected any feelings of undesirable self-satisfaction which the previous speaker's remarks may have tended to foster by reminding Members that the journals of the two neighbouring Societies had reached a high standard too, and would — as he put it — -" run the Wiltshire Magazine very hard " if every effort was not made to keep up its quality.
The re-election of the Officers of the Society, with the addition of Mr. N. Story Maskelyne, F.R.S., as a Vice-President, and of Mr. H. Brakspear as Local Secretary for the Oorsham district, having been moved by Mr. Talbot and seconded by the Rev. R. U. Lambert, the business of the Meeting came to an end, and Members adjourned to perambulate the town.
ST. PETER'S CHURCH was first visited— where The Rector (the Rev. H. R. Whytehead) gave a concise account of the archi- tecture of the building and of the alterations which had taken place under "restoration" years ago. He mentioned that the Church was one of those which was said to have a pigeon loft over the chancel — and doubtless pigeons had lived there, but there was no appearance whatever of the space over the chancel vaulting having ever been intended for such a purpose.
At the College Grates the Members were received by The Bursar (the Rev. J. S. Thomas), who acted as guide over the buildings of THE COLLEGE. The Quadrangle ; LORD HERTFORD'S HOUSE, which still retains the evidence of its intermediate existence as the Angel Inn in the carefully preserved " bar " ; the ADDERLEY LIBRARY, housed in one of its rooms ; and the singularly magnificent CHAPEL, where a short organ recital was given by Mr. Bambridge ; and the beautiful old garden ; were visited in turn. And then the more active members of the party climbed the " MOUND,'' which Mr. Brooke afterwards claimed as a rival of Silbury Hill in age and character. To those, however, who know the numerous " burhs " of Saxon origin, and those used as the base of the early Norman
The Annual Dinner.
77
keeps in other parts of England, it seems from its position — near the river, and within the hounds of the Castle — to he far more likely to he one of these well-known military mounds than anything of still earlier date. At present it fulfils the unromantic hut useful purpose of a water-tower for the College. At 5 o'clock the party assembled for tea in the Master's garden, where they were most hospitably entertained hy The Master and Mrs. Bell ; and after- wards, under the guidance of Mr. Meyrick, President of the College Natural History Society, proceeded to inspect the very admirahle MUSEUM. The excellent arrangement and lahelling of the specimens is a pattern to similar institutions, and Marlborough may well feel proud of the fact not only that she led the way among the great schools of England in the formation of a Natural History Society among her scholars, but that that society has continued ever since its foundation to do such excellent work under the successive leader- ship of many able naturalists amongst the masters. The collections themselves are of much value and interest, not the least remarkable objects being the really marvellous models of sea anemones and medusae in glass, made by a glass worker in Dresden, who has since been appropriated by the naturalists of the United States.
At 7 o'clock thirty-nine Members attended the ANNUAL DINNER at the Ailesbuiy Arms Hotel, and then adjourned to the Town Hall for the Evening Conversazione, at which some seventy-four were present. The proceedings began by a very interesting address by Mr. E. Doran Webb, F.S.A., on the " History of the Hundred and Church of Eamsbury " ; which, after the interval devoted to music, under the direction of The Mayor, was followed by Mr. J. W. Brooke's paper on " Early Man in Marlborough." Mr. Brooke had, at the cost of great personal labour, arranged round the Town Hall the most notable objects from his collections of antiquities — thus forming a museum certainly more extensive and interesting than any got together for very many years past at any Meeting of the Society, if indeed there has been any collection ex- hibited like it since the Society's foundation. The chief features of the collection were the flint implements and the coins, the former collected — with the exception of a fine case of Palaeolithic specimens
g 2
78
The Forty-first General Meeting.
from the Salisbury gravels — almost entirely from the neighbourhood of Marlborough ; whilst the most intereresting of the coins were the extensive Roman series from the site of Cnnetio — a site which has also yielded to Mr. Brooke a very interesting series of fibulse and other small bronze objects. In the case of both coins and flints only a small portion of Mr. Brooke's collection could be exhibited, as his specimens run into many thousands in each case. His col- lection of flint implements — with very few exceptions picked up on the surface of arable land around Marlborough — is a striking ex- ample of the treasures which are spread over all the chalk districts of North "Wilts, and are still waiting for the collector who will take the trouble, as Mr. Brooke has done, to teach the labourers, the ploughboys, the flint- diggers, and others employed on the land, to know a flint implement when they see it. This knowledge is not difficult to impart, really, although it may seem to be so, and the result, as Mr. Brooke's collection — amassed as it has been in a very few years — shows, is often beyond anything that could have been expected.
Mr. Brooke's paper, which was reported at length in the local papers, and has been printed in pamphlet form, dealt with the conditions of life in Palaeolithic and Neolithic times, touching on the pin-pose and ages of Silbury, Avebury, and other similar erections. The conclusions at which he arrived, however, that Silbury and Marlborough mounds were erected as objects of worship, and that it was partly the presence of sarsen stones which caused the early settlers to congregate in North Wilts, scarcely commend themselves to those who are not disciples of the Phallic theory.
FRIDAY, JULY 20th.
At 9.15 a large party left the Town Hall in breaks for a long day's excursion, the first stoppage being at MILDENHALL CHURCH, where Mr. Ponting pointed out the architectural features and history of the Church, which is fitted up throughout with elaborate oak pews, gallery, altar-piece, and pulpit of the beginning of this century. They are so good of their kind that in any " restoration " of the
Edmrmn on Friday, January 20th. 79
Church it may be hoped that tliey may be interfered with as little as the necessities of provision for decent and reverent worship permit.
The next stoppage was at AXFORD CHAPEL, now a farm-house, where Mr. Doran Webb gave a short account of the history of the place, and pointed out the remaining architectural features of the building. Thence a charming drive alongside the stream, with a beautiful view of Ramsbury Manor over the water, brought the Members to RAMSBURY CHURCH, lately restored at great cost. Here again Mi*. Doran Webb, being on his own ground, as the Historian of the Hundred of Eamsbury, acted as guide. Opinions may differ as to whether the ornamentation of the new work in the roofs of the aisles, &c, has not been somewhat overdone, but those who remember the squalid condition into which the Church had fallen will acknowledge that the recent works have transformed it into a building of quite unexpected dignity and beauty. It is a subject for thankfulness, too, that, in the battle which raged over the roof of the nave, the party which favoured a " restoration " of a high-pitched roof were defeated; and the old late Perpendicular roof — a good specimen of its kind and date — was retained. The interest here, however, centred chiefly in the remarkable series of pre-Norman sculptured stones which were discovered during the progress of the works, and which have now -been placed on a raised platform at the west end of the north aisle of the Church. It is a pity that the cross-shaft was not erected somewhat further from the wall, as its back cannot be seen with any comfort as it now stands. The stone in the middle of it, too — even if it ever belonged to the same cross at all — is manifestly placed now on its side, instead of upright as it must have originally stood. (The whole of these stones have been already described and illustrated in vol. xxviii., p. 50, of the Magazine.) Mr. Doran Webb mentioned that a part of the cross, probably the head, still lies imbedded in the foundations of the thirteenth century chancel arch. It was difficult to get out, and was left there, and when attention was drawn to the fact the work had proceeded too far for anything to be done to recover it. After a thorough inspection of the Church, and a stroll in a most
80
The Forty-first General Meeting.
delightful old garden opposite the vicarage, the breaks took the party on to CHILTON, where the Church was visited, Mr. Doran Webb calling attention specially to the charming little J acohean screen, and mentioning a statement he had heard to the effect that there were formerly three pre-Eeformation chalices here which had been melted up to form part of the present modern set of communion vessels. It cannot be said, however, that the evidence of this atrocity having been committed appeared at all conclusive.
The next item on the programme was luncheon in the schoolroom,, to which fifty Members sat down. Then some of the party walked across the meadows and others drove to LITTLECOTE HOUSE. This was really the chief attraction of the Meeting. It is a place' known to everyone by name, whilst comparatively few have had an opportunity of visiting it. Here again the Society was fortunate in having Mr. Doran Webb as its cicerone, for probably no one else knows as much of the place and its owners as he does, and his method of imparting his knowledge to his hearers was both profitable and pleasant. Inter alia he declared that he had not the slightest belief in the traditional story of Wild Darrell and Judge Popham, attributing the whole accusation to the malevolence of the first Earl of Pembroke, who was by no means scrupulous as to the weapons he used when anything was to be got by their use. The fine hall, with its old oak shuffle-board table in the centre; its armour and its buff coats — the latter said to be the most complete set in existence — which saw service on the Parliamentary side in the Civil War ; its thumbstocks, and Judge Popham's chair — to mention only a few of the objects of interest — was first inspected, and here Mr. Doran Webb gave the party a short account of the history of the place and its possessors.
By kind permission of the owner — Mr. Popham — and the present occupier — Mr. Baring — the rest of the house was then seen — the long gallery — the curious chapel — the dining room, with its Grainsboroughs and Romneys — the bedroom of the Darrell legend — and the singular little room with its walls covered with the quaintest of Dutch paintings, the exact purport of which it is not easy to make out. Among many other objects of interest the needlework
Excursion on Saturday, July 21st.
81
copy of the fine Eoman pavement fonnd in 1710 was specially noted.
Having seen the interior, the picturesque exterior of the house was then inspected ; after which the party re-entered the carriages and drove to ALDBOURNE. Here the first thing to be seen was an interesting collection of local objects, flints, Roman remains of various kinds, coins, &c, &c, which had been arranged at the Crown Inn, by Messrs. Chandler, Barnes, and W. Lawrence with much trouble and care for the occasion.
The Church, described by Mr. Doran Webb, is full of interest, and the party spent some time in it, finding, when they had finished, an excellent tea awaiting them at the Crown Inn, which was much appreciated. From this point a few Members went off on an expedition to the singularly inaccessible but very interesting house at UPPER UPHAM, walking and driving thence over the downs, just then covered with lovely flowers, back to Marlborough. The main body, however, pursued a more prosaic course to the Church of OGBOURNE ST. ANDREW, which was described and commented on by Mr. Ponting.
At the Evening Meeting — at which some forty-five Members were present — a paper was read by Mr. F. J. Bennett, F.Gr.S., on the Geology of the Eailway Cuttings on the Swindon and Marl- borough Line ; and in a few words the Rev. E. H. Goddard made a statement as to what had been done at Avebury during the recent excavations, made in the vallum by Sir Henry Meux. Unfortunately Sir Flenry himself was still detained abroad, and The Mayor again took his place as President of the Meeting. The Meeting concluded with the expression by Mr. Medlicott of the thanks of the Society to the Local Committee, and more especially to the Mayor and Mr. Brooke, for the great trouble they had taken in every way to make it a success.
SATURDAY, JULY 21st.
Starting again at 9.15, in numbers considerably reduced from those of yesterday — for Saturday is an inconvenient day for many — the party drove through the Forest by the London Road, stopping
82
The Forty-first General Meeting.
first opposite the now farm-house of KNOWLE, which stands on an eminence to the right of the road, to inspect the little CHAPEL of late thirteenth century date, the shell of which still remains in a fairly perfect state, though it is unmarked on the Ordnance Map and almost unknown. It is now used as a fowl-house, and the hens strongly disapproved of the visit of the Society.
Proceeding on to FROX FIELD, the CHURCH was first inspected, under Mr. Ponting's guidance. This had recently undergone restoration at the hands of Mr. Christian, and, with the exception of one or two small points, the work seems to have been conducted with a due regard to the ancient features of the fabric. The Vicar here exhibited the singularly beautiful communion cup of German work of the early seventeenth century, which stands alone of its kind in the County of Wilts. The picturesque quadrangle of the SOMERSET HOSPITAL, almshouses founded by Sarah, Duchess of Somerset, in 1 694, for twenty clergy widows and thirty lay widows ■ — spoiled as it is by the hideous chapel of 1812 in its centre — was next visited. The Somerset hospital at present is a notable instance of the way in which the income of charities is affected by the agricultural depression — for more than half the houses cannot be filled up for want of funds.
LITTLE BEDWYN CHURCH, with its fine Norman capitals and other features grievously tooled up in the process of " restoration," many years ago, was next visited, Mr. Ponting reading notes on the architectural features, and then the hill, the top of which is fortified by the earthworks of CH IS BURY, was climbed, and the desecrated CHAPEL, built apparently on the vallum of the camp, was inspected. Although this building has apparently been used as a barn ever since the Reformation (it might, perhaps, be more exact to say became it has been so used), it retains its architectural features of late thirteenth century date for the most part complete. The details are singularly good, and the whole building a very interesting one. After seeing the chapel the party walked round as much of the circuit of the EARTHWORKS as the modern fortifi- cations of barbed wire would admit of, and proceeded down the hill to Great Bedwyn by the road which seems actually at this point to
Excursion on Saturday, July 21st.
83
run in the ditch of the WANS DYKE, the rampart of which is very conspicuous where the road turns at the bottom of the hill.
At GREAT BEDWYN lunch was ready in the school, and after that had been disposed of the stately CHURCH — unfortunately a good deal over-restored years ago — with its Norman arcades, and monuments, was inspected, under Mr. Ponting's guidance ; and then the party started again for WULFHALL, where they arrived somewhat before the time appointed — probably an event unique in the history of the Society's excursions. Here the scanty remnant of the historical BARN", in which the wedding festivities of Henry Till, and Jane Seymour were celebrated (if, indeed the existing building is any of it of that date), was visited, and made by Mr. Dor an Webb the text on which he told many interesting stories connected with the family history of the place. " The LAUNDRY," a singularly picturesque brick building, with a telling group of chimneys of a type common enough in Elizabethan buildings in Shropshire and elsewhere, but not often seen in Wiltshire, was also visited and admired before the time arrived for tea, in the modern house, above it, to which Lord and Lady Frederick Bruce had most kindly invited the Members of the Society. So pleasantly ended the Marlborough Meeting of 1894 — a meeting which was voted most successful by all who took part in it, and which was certainly notable for the unexpected excellence of the weather — the efficiency of the guidance at the hands of Messrs. Doran Webb and Ponting — and the remarkable character of the local collections exhibited by Mr. Brooke.
E. H. Gr.
84
Jtotes on H$Jam |fhnor=ponsc.
By Haeold Brakspeae, A.R.I. B. A.
OUT three miles north- west of Aldbourne on the top of thex downs is situated the old manor-house of the Groddards of XJpham, now for the most part degenerated into a farm-store, with the hall divided into kitchen and parlour for the use of the present occupier. "With the exception of a few alterations which will be noticed later, the building is all one date, of about the middle of