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TRANSACTIONS
j^:M:Ei^io^i>r
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ipiROCEEiDiisra-s
ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
VOL. XML
PHILADELPHIA :
PAUL C. STOCKHAUSEN, ENTOMOLOGICAL PRINTER.
1886.
LIST OK PAPERS.
AsHMEAD, William H.
Synopsis of the North American Subfamilies and Genera of Cynipidse ........ 59
Studies on the North American Chalcididae, with de- scriptions of new species from Florida. . . .125
Blake, Charles A.
Monograph of the Mutillidie of North America . .179
.Holland, Rev. W. J.
Contributions to a knowledge of the Lepidoptera of West Africa 325
Horn, George H., M. D.
Dinapate Wrightii and its larva .... 1
A monograph of the species of the subfamilies Eucne-
minse, Cerophytin^ and Perothopina? inhabiting the
United States ........ 5
A monograph of the species of Chrysobothris inhabiting
the United States ....... 65
A Review of the species described by Olivier in the
" Entomologie" 135
Notes on the " Biologia Centrali-Americana" . . vii Notes fi'om the Museum at Cambridge . . . xi
Howard, L. 0.
A generic Synopsis of the hymenopterous Family Proc- totrupidse . . . . . . . .169
HuLST, George D.
Descriptions of new Pyralidse . . . . .145
WiLLISTON, S. W.
Dipterological Notes and Descriptions . . . 287 Catalogue of the described Species of South American Syrphidse 308
TPRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VOIvUlME XIII.
DINAPATE WRIOHTII and its larva.
BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D.
DINAPATE n. g. (Bostrychiufe)
Form cylindrical, rather massive ; head rather large, inferior ; e3'es round, prominent ; clypeus truncate, labrum transverse ciliate in front ; mandibles stout, pyramidal, acute at tip ; maxillae ciliate at tip, the palpi moderate in length, slightly ciliate, the last joint elon- gate-oval ; nientum transverse, emarginate (ligula and palpi absent in my specimens) ; antenniie inserted between the eye and base of mandibles, ten-jointed, first joint as long as the next four, second as wide as long, joints three to seven broader than long, obconical, slightly flattened, last three joints forming a loose club which is as long as joints two to seven together and more than twice as wide, the joints of the club wider than long ; thorax very convex, oboval, broader than long with asperities antero-laterally ; scutellum oval at tip ; elytra not flattened, the extreme tip sinuately truncate ; pro- sternum very short in front of the coxoe, these ovate, contiguous, the cavities confluent and very narrowly enclosed behind ; middle coxae moderately separated, the mesosternum oblique ; metasternum mod- erately long, the episterna wide, parallel, the posterior coxpe very narrowly separated ; abdomen with five equal segments ; legs mod- erate, the tibiae dilated and strongly dentate externally ; tarsi rather slender, nearly as long as the tibite, the first joint short, second as long as the fifth, second and third short and equal, last joint with a rather long onychium, the claws strong and arcuate ; body winged.
TRANS. AMEE. ENT. SOC. (1) JANUARY, 1886.
2 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The characters given above indicate a genus closely related to Bostrychus aud Amphicerus, and like the latter without frontal mar- gin, but with a slight projection over the base of the antennae. The head is not so completely inferior as in those genera nor are the fii-st two joints of the antennae as short in comparison with the next five. The most striking difference, however, is in the structure of the tibiae with the outer edge strongly dentate.
The first fragments of this genus received by me consisted of a hind body and a head without mouth parts, excepting the mandibles. Supposing the head (which I now know to be larval) to belong to the fragments of body, the genus has been characterized in verbal remarks made before the Academy of Natural Sciences as eyeless, and therefore the largest blind Coleopter known. The discovery of additional material enables me now to correct an error which has unfortunately appenred in print.
I>. Wriglltii n. sp. — Black, shining, beneath brown sparsely pubescent ; head broader behind the eyes, finely punctate, a vague median frontal impres- sion ; thorax oboval broader than long, nearly as wide as the elytra, very convex, densely granulate in front and posteriorly, roughly asperate at the sides ante- riorly ; elytra parallel, declivous posteriorly, the apices sinuately truncate, the sutural angle acute, the disc vaguely bicostate, the costse terminating in tuber- culiform elevations ( 9 ) or with the inner costa prolonged in a spine ( % ',, the surface above with shallow cribrate punctures, the sides smoother and with two indistinct costse beneath the humeral umbone ; legs moderate, femora sparsely punctate ; body beneath rather finely punctate, the abdomen more densely and with pale brownish pubescence. Length 1.50 - 1.86 inch ; 38-47 mm.
4
The measurements are taken from the apex of the elytra to the anterior margin of the thorax ; the smaller specimens are females. A size is thus indicated exceeding any Bostrichide known.
For the fragments in my possession I am indebted to the untiring- exertions of Mr. W. G. Wright, of San Bernardino, Cal, a zealous Botanist, for whom neither the privations incident to an exploration of the Mojave Desert nor the jealous watchfulness of the Lidians, seemed to have had any terrors.
Mojave Desert, California.
As the habits of this insect and its larva are now being investigated by Mr. Wright, I refrain from mentioning any matters of this char- acter, as comparatively little is known except its food plant. It is to be expected that in the near future we will have fiill details from him. Should it prove to infest but the one plant it is likely to be at all times rai-e, and i)ossibly to disappear.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.
Description of Larva.
Form robust, convex, the ventral surface flat, gradually narrower from the prothoracic to the last segment, the last four segments recurved, their ventral surface in contact with that of the pi-eceding segments ; color whitish, con- sistence soft.
Segments twelve ; three thoracic, nine abdominal.
Prothorax large, massive, somewhat narrowed in front, flat above, yellowish white, a dorsal and two lateral fuscous spaces, the latter including an elevated serrate line ; spiracle large, fusiform in outline.
Meso- and Metathoracic segments consisting of a dorsal and infero-lateral piece, the latter as seen from the side larger ; these segments without spiracles.
Abdominal segments. The first two consist of two dorsal pieces, the division indicated by a fold merely, the spiracles in these segments smaller than the pro- thoracic and situated in a rhomboidal depression between the dorsal and infero- lateral plates ; segments three to eight gradually less distinctly divided on the dorsal portion, the spiracles in each gradually smaller and situated at the lower end of the dorsal division. Last segment obtusely ovate, scarcely plicate dor- sally and without spiracle, the anal opening ventral and longitudinal.
Spiracles. Of these there are nine on each side, all functional ; the first is situated at the side of the prothoracic segment, tlie others in the first eight ventral segments ; they gradually decrease in size from the first to the last.
Legs on the three thoracic segments nearly equal, with four articulations, the femoral piece longer, the tibia terminated by a small cleft claw, the under por- tion of which is short ; surface of legs rather hairy.
Head very deeply inserted in the prothorax ; the exjiosed portion dark chiti- nous, the internal ovate flattened on the under side, the anterior margin of head forming a thickened projection, the clypeus hemi-hexagoual with a chitinous border.
Labrum transverse, ciliate, the anterior margin arcuate.
Mandibles stout, pjTamidal, the apices chisel shaped, transversely wrinkled above ; behind the base of the mandibles an oval tubercle of the side of the head.
Maxilla with a large, irregularly quadrangular, basal piece, surmounted by an oval lobe, the inner edge of which is truncate, the surface densely ciliate ; the palpi 3- jointed, the first largest, obovate, second narrower and shoi"ter, the third slender, subuliform.
Mentum trapezoidal, the sides arcuate, apex truncate, face obliquely impressed each side ; the subnientum broader, of the same general form ; jjalpi similar to the maxillary, but nuich swollen, the ligula concealed by them, semi-circular, the palpi and ligula rather densely pilose.
Antenna small, situated near the base of the mandibles above the oval tu- bercle, 3-jointed, the first joint short, cylindrical, second narrower and longer, the third small, slender and bisetose at tip.
This larva reproduces the form and nearly all the details of Apate
capucina as published by Ferris (Ann. Fr. 1850, pi. xvi, 1). The
antennte are there described as 4-jointed, but the conical basal piece
as described seems rather to be the protuberant conneetmg membrane.
4 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The other parts figured by Perris are rather diagrams than real ilkis- trations. The accompanying figures will give a fair idea of the imago and the larva, obviating the necessity for a very detailed description.
The head of the larva is remarkable in its size and the perfection of the mouth ^^arts. It is entirely without trace of visual organs, although it is probable that the post-mandibular tubercle becomes the eye in the imago.
It is probable that the larva figured on the accompanying plate is fully grown. Two specimens were kindly sent me by Mr. W. G. Wright, one of which will be placed in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, for the use of those who have occasion to studv the instructive series of larvae there acccumulated.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I.
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-Dinapate Wrig-htii, upper view of the female, natural size. -Lateral view of the male, natural size.
-Antenna of female, the club joints partly restored, enlarged. -Posterior leg of male, viewed from beneath, showing the arrangement
of the teeth in three series, enlarged. -Larva, natural size.
-Head of larva probably male, much enlarged. -Antenna of larva, enlarged.
-Maxillfe, mentum and adjacent parts of larva much enlarged. -Mandible, upper view, enlarged. -Mandible, inner side, enlarged. -Front leg of larva, enlarged. -The claw of front leg, showing its cleft structure, much enlarged.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.
A monograplt of the species of the snb-faniilies EUCIVE-
MIN^, CEROPHYTIX.E and PEROTHOPIN^
inhabiting the ITnited f§ttates.
BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D.
After the grand monograph of the Eucnemides completed by de Bonvouloir, in 1875, the present essay seems almost unnecessary, but to the vast majority of our students the book is inaccessible.
As might have been expected a small number of our species re- mained unknown to de Bonvouloir, which are in their correct places in the following pages, and in addition four have been described since, while ten new ones, besides, have been collected.
Regarding the status of the species treated there has been some difference of opinion. In the early days of the science the Eucne- mides were considered Elateridae and a number described as Elater, later in the posthumous work of Latreille we find them recognized as a tribe of Elateridae. In a synopsis of the Eucnemides (Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 45) Dr. LeConte uses the following words : " Although many entomologists consider that the small group of Coleopterous insects herein treated constitute a peculiar family I am under the necessity, after very careful examination, of viewing them as a mere section of the extensive natural family of Elateridae, and no more entitled to a distinct place in the series than any other group of genera in that family." The same ideas were repeated the next year in his " Revision of the Elateridae" (Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x).
It Avas not until 1857 that Lacordaire recognized the Eucnemidae and Elateridae as families of equivalent standing with the Buprestidae. This view was finally adopted liy Dr. LeConte in the first edition of the " Classification," and de Bonvouloir follows in accord excluding, however, Perothops from the Eucnemidae as a troublesome element without definitely assigning it a place.
Realizing these difficulties it was suggested by me (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vii, 1879, p. xxi) that Cerophytum and Perothops should be isolated, and that the term Elateridae should be so extended as to embrace the aberrant forms, those to be considered sub-families. The relations of these various series to each other are fully explained in the " Classification" of the Coleoptera of N. A. edit. 2, and need not here be dwelt upon.
6 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The present essav purposes to deal with the three sub-families named, the Cebrionin^e having been already treated, and the Elater- in^ is of sufficient magnitude to require its being dealt with in a fragmentary manner, as has been begun in the last few years.
EUCNEMINJE.
Head convex, mouth inferior, labrum absent, or very slightly visible ; clypeus more or less inflexed, narrowed at its base by the insertion of the antennie ; pro- thorax movalile, but less so than in the Elaterinje ; prosternum without lobe in front ; hind coxal plates laminate.
The Eucneminae may be divided into two tribes in the following manner :
Anteunte moderately distant ; last joint of maxillary palpi acute ; jirostenial sutures and side margin parallel Melasini.
Antennse approximate ; last joint of maxillary palpi dilated ; prosternal su- tures and margin convergent Eucneiniiii.
Tribe Melasini.
In this tribe the head is rather broad and less deeply inserted, so that the eyes are free and the mouth not apj^lied against the pros- ternum.
Two genera are known.
Tibia' broad, compressed Mela!«is.
Tibia? slender Tliarops.
MELA!§»IS Oliv.
Form elongate, subcylindrical ; antennte not passing the middle of the thorax, distinctly pectinate % or feebly so 9 ! head rather large, moderately convex ; clypeus feel)ly narrowed at base, apex emarginate at middle and sinuate each side ; prothorax wider than long, anterior angles obtuse, the posterior acute and slightly prominent ; lateral margin entire, but not prominent ; prosternal sutures distant and parallel, the lateral marginal lines also nearly parallel with them ; no antennal grooves on the. under side of the thorax ; metasternal episterna covered in front by the elytra, visible posteriorly, epimera concealed ; hind coxal plates very broad internally, narrow externally ; last ventral segment tubularly prolonged, with an ante-apical elevation, segments one to four slightly elevated at the middle of the posterior margin ; legs rather short, the femora stout, the tibiae flat and rather broad, terminated by a single spur ; tarsi robust, rapidly attenuating, the first joint as long as the next three, all joints simple, claws simple.
Melasis and Tharops are considered by Bonvouloir to form a group apart from the other Eucnemides characterized by the parallel pros-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 7
temal sutures and the lateral margin of the thorax. In all the specimens of Melasis which I have examined I can find but one tibial spur, a character which seems to have escaped mention. Two species are known to me from our fauna.
Third joint of antenupe % nearly twice as wide as long, the fourth nearly three times; color piceous, or nearly black pectiiiicoriiis.
Third joint of antennse % distinctly longer than wide, the fourth very little wider than long; elytra and antenna? rufo-ferruginous rufipeiiiii!!).
As males only of the latter sj)ecies are known to me I am unable to give characters separating the females.
m. pectinicoriiis Mels. — Form elongate, subcylindrical, piceous or black, opaque, sparsely clothed with extremely short grayish pubescence ; antennse barely attaining the middle of the thorax, brown or ferruginous, the first joint piceous, joints four to ten strongly % , or feebly pectinate 9 ; eyes small, round, feebly convex ; head coarsely, closely and roughly punctured, a slight impres- sion of the vertex, more distinct in the male ; prothorax broader than long, slightly narrowed posteriorly, the sides straight at middle, broadly % or feebly 9 arcuate at the front angle, rather deeply sinuate in front of the hind angles, which are acute and divergent % , or scarcely perceptibly sinuate, the angles not divergent 9 > disc convex, a distinct median impressed line deeper in the % , the surface coarsely punctured, with elevated granules ; elytra slightly narrowing posteriorly, their apices acute, surface with rather deep punctured striae, the interv'als slightly convex, densely granulate and rugose ; body beneath densely punctate ; legs piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler. Length .24 - .32 inch ; 6 - 8 mm.
In the female the thorax is much more deeply emarginate in front and the head relatively smaller, the surfiice less rugose and the granu- lations of the thorax more distant.
Occurs from Pennsylvania to Texas, but very rare. For an op- portunity of examining the female I am indebted to Mr. H. Ulke.
M. rufipennis n. sp. — Form elongate, subcylindrical, slightly narrowed behind, piceous, subopaque ; pubescence fulvous, scarcely visible, elytra and antennae rufo-ferruginous ; antenna?, attaining the middle of the thorax, the third joint nearly twice as long as the visible (in front) jiortion of the second, joint four triangular, broader than long, five to ten gradually more prolonged anteriorly, but less so than in pectinlcornis : eyes small, round, feebly convex ; head densely and rather coarsely punctate, not rough ; clypeus slightly concave, front sometimes with a slight transverse carina ; thorax a little wider than long, slightly narrower behind, sides straight, slightly arcuate at the apical angles and with a feeble sinuation in front of the hind angles, which are acute and slightly divei-gent ; disc moderately convex, densely punctured and roughly granulate, with a narrow median smooth line very distinctly impressed posteriorly ; elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly, the apices acute, disc deeply striate with coarse punctures, the intervals convex, densely punctured, but more shining than above ; legs piceous, tibiae and tarsi brown. Length .36 - .42 inch ; 9 - 19.5 mm.
8 OEO. H. HORN, M. D.
This species is evidently closely allied to rnfipalpis Chev. from Mexico. The color is different, but this may be an accident, although I have seen three specimens from different localities taken in different years, all alike. In one specimen before me the transverse carina of the front is slightly distinct, in the other absent. The striae of the elytra are coarsely punctured.
Occurs in Nevada and Washington Territory.
THAROPS Cast.
Form slender, subcylindrical, more or less narrowed posteriorly ; antennae sligMly passing the hind angles of the thorax, flabellate from the fourth joint % ; head moderately convex ; eyes round, entire ; clypeus slightly narrower at base, apex bisinuate ; prothorax a little longer than wide, lateral margin entire ; scutellum oval, truncate at tip ; elytra striate, not entirely covering the abdo- men ; prosternal sutures straight, very nearly parallel with the lateral margin, the ijropleura; not excavate for the antennse ; metasternal episterna very narrow in front, broader posteriorly, the epimera visible ; posterior coxje gradually wider internally, the posterior margin internally, truncate ; legs moderate, tibise slender, tarsi filiform, the first joint as long as the next four, the fourth small and simple ; claws simple.
This genus forms with Melasis a small group differing from the other members of the Eucneminfe in having the prosternal sutures and lateral margin of the thoraxi parallel, the two genera differing at first sight in the form of the tibiae.
Two species are known in our fauna.
Elytra with inconspicuous pubescence rufleornis.
Elytra with dense silken pubescence forming a distinct design iiubila.
T. ruficornis Say. — Form subcylindrical, slightly narrower posteriorly, piceous black, elytra variable in color, usually with an elongate, triangular, su- tural. yellowish "space, surface very inconspicuously pubescent ; antennse not- passing the hind angles of the thorax, rufo-ferruginous ; head coarsely and densely punctured, front above the clypeus slightly depressed % ; clypeus nar- rowed at base, not wider than the distance to the eyes ; thorax longer than wide, sides nearly parallel, slightly arcuate near the front angles, hind angles short, not carinate ; disc moderately convex, median line ususally impressed, surface coarsely, moderately densely punctured ; elytra striate, intervals slightly con- vex, moderately densely, roughly punctured ; prothorax beneath rather coarsely, but not densely punctured ; metasternum more densely ; abdomen more finely and densely punctured, last ventral segment acute at tip ; legs rufo-ferruginous. Length .14 - .32 inch ; .3..5 - 8 mm.
Male. — Antennse rufo-ferruginous, first joint rather robust, second small, partly concealed, third as long as the three following joints, joints four to ten short, each, however, gradually longer and narrower, furnished with a branch as long as the entire antennae, eleventh as long as the branch of the tenth, but stouter ; the middle of the posterior margins of the third and fourth ventral segments slightly elevated in a mucro.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 9
Female. — Antennae rufo-ferruginous, the basal joint sometimes darker; first joint stout, second small, partly concealed, third as long as the next two, fourth triangular, longer than the fifth, joints five to ten triangular, a little wider than the fourth, subequal in length, but gradually wider, eleventh oval, nearly as long as the next two ; last ventral segment acute at tip, penultimate segment elevated at middle of posterior margin in a distinct mucro.
The males are usually smaller and more slender than the females, and have often a slight transverse impression of the middle of the thorax.
The median line of the thorax is a very variable character, often the line is rather deeply impressed posteriorly and ends abruptly, it may also continue slightly to the apical margin or be entirely vv^anting.
The elytra are variable in coloration. I have a specimen entirely piceous, another with a small spot at base on each side of the scutel- lum, from this the yellow space becomes gradually longer and may reach nearly to the apex.
The male does not seem to have been known to Bonvouloir, and very few of the other sex. I am entirely unable to separate two species in the large material I have examined. The males are much less frequent than the females.
Occurs from Canada and New Hampshire to Missouri and Vir- ginia.
T. nnbila. Bonv. — Form elongate cylindrical, scarcely narrower behind, entirely black, moderately densely clothed with sericeous fine pubescence form- ing a distinct design ; antennse (rufo-testaceous?) wanting; head rugosely punc- tured ; thorax as long as wide, sides straight posteriorly, slightly arcuate in front, disc convex a distinct depression of the median line posteriorly, very densely and finely punctate, surface in front marked with two rings of cinereous pubescence ; elytra striate, strife finely punctured, the intervals finely granulate toward the base, and slightly rugose posteriorly ; covered with dense ashy-gray pubescence, forming a transverse band at middle, which is narrower at the su- ture, oblique each side in front, the apical fourth also densely pubescent with a small portion of the apex uncovered ; under side of body entirely black, inner side of the posterior coxae and legs ferruginous. Length .20 inch ; 5 mm.
This species I have never seen. It is known to me by the descrip- tion and figure given by Bonvouloir and a drawing made by Major LeConte from the same specimen.
The only specimen known was collected more than fifty years ago by Major LeConte in Northern Georgia and sent to Count Dejean.
Tribe Eucnemini. The head is not very broad, the mouth resting against the anterior margin of the prosternum, the eyes at least in contact with the thorax often partly concealed.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (2) JANUARY, 1886.
10 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
Tlie different genera present so many modifications of structure, while preserving the same general type, that it is unnecessary here to deal more fully with them as they more properly belong to the generic descriptions.
This tribe is the equivalent of the Eucnemitea propres as defined by de Bonvouloir, and contains eighty-seven genera, twenty of which are represented in our fauna. Having less material to deal with than he, I have been enabled to modify the table of genera in such a way as to use characters more readily seen and to avoid exceptional cases. For the latter i-eason I have been compelled to avoid the use of the coxal plates near the beginning of the table, inasmuch as two species of Microrhagus have parallel coxal plates and might be sup- posed to belong to Hylochares.
The characters used in the following table seem not to require special explanation, in case of doubt reference should be made to the genera themselves.
Thorax with anteuual grooves usually sharply limited, close to the lateral
margin 2.
Thorax without marginal antennul grooves 8.
2. — Tarsi with joints 2-4 lobed beneath Deiidrocliaris.
Tarsi with the fourth joint, at most, slightly lobed 3.
3. — Pi-osternal sutures arcuate ^itetlioii.
Prosternal sutures straight 4.
4. — Antennal groove continuing directly from the thorax to the head 5.
Antennal groove more or less interrupted or narrowed by the eyes 7.
5. — Metasternum with a fine groove, limited by finely elevated lines, pro- longed backward from the outer side of the middle coxae ; propleural
triangle small Eiieiieiiiis.
Metasternum without groove 6.
6. — Antennal groove of thorax wide, at least equal to half the propleural
triaiagle, usually wider behind Deltoiuotopu^^.
Antennal groove narrow, not more than a fourth as wide as the propleu- ral triangle, not wider behind Droin»M>lii!$.
7. — Antennge slender, fourth joint of tarsi excavate-emarginate and slightly
lobed beneath Fornax.
Antennse short, clavate, fourth joint of tarsi simple ....Pliaoii<»('ei*u»<«.
8. — Lateral margin of thorax formed by two finely elevated lines, the one
starting from the anterior margin and prolonged backward, the other
from the hind angles becoming inferior ; antennal grooves juxta-su-
tural 9.
Lateral margin of thorax single, sometimes nearly entirely obliterated; under side of prothorax without antennal grooves, at most a faint lon- gitudinal depression in the triangle 10.
9. — Juxta-sutural groove very short, merely slightly indicated in front.
Adelotliyretis.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 11
Juxta-sutural groove entire.
Antennje with second joint alone small Hicroi'hagii!^.
Antennse with joints two and three moniliform.
Entoiiioi>litlialiiin!>».
10. — Posterior coxal plates parallel or wider externally 11.
Posterior coxal plates narrower externally 12.
11. — Antennae slender, filiform.
Third joint not longer than second Xylobins.
Third joint much longer than second Hj'loHiares.
Antennae bi-serrate J, or bi-pectinate % Sarpeclon.
12. — Mandibles stout, rugose 13.
Mandibles slender, not rugose 14.
13. — Last ventral segment prolonged in a point Xeniafodes.
Last ventral segment obtuse at tip H.ypoeoelus.
14. — Prosternal sutures straight; lateral margin of thorax distinct 15.
Prosternal sutures arcuate; lateral margin almost obliterated 17.
15. — Clypeus very deeply sinuate each side SfliizopliiliiS.
Clypeus regularly arcuate in front 16.
16. — Coxal plates suddenly broader internally; last four joints of antennae
abruptly longer Epiplianis.
Coxal plates gradually broader internally.
Last three joints of antennae abruptly longer PKlegOii.
Outer joints of antennae shorter C'ryptostoiiia.
17. — Clypeus arcuate in front ; coxal plates abrujitly wider at inner third ; an- tenna with joints 4-10 moniliform Aiielastes.
DENDROCHARIS Guerin.
Form cylindrical, rather robust ; antennae rather short, first joint moderately elongate, second very short, third longer, joints four to ten strongly dentate, eleventh oval, acute ; head large, deeply inserted, eyes slightly emarginate ; cly- peus very little narrowed at base ; prothorax wider than long, lateral marginal line entire ; prosternal sutures straight, propleural triangle wider than long, with a deep and well defined gi-oove to receive the antennae along its outer border ; mctasternum with an oblique groove on each side beginning at the posterior margin of the middle coxae directed obliquely backward and to the outer side ; episterna distinctly wider behind, the epimera not visible ; posterior coxal plates broader externally ; legs moderately robust, the tibiae broader toward the tip ; posterior tarsi shorter than the tibia, the first joint small, equal to the second, joints 2-3-4 each with a rather long membranous lobe beneath, the fourth not dilated nor enlarged, last joint as long as the preceding three; claws slightly broader at base.
Regarding this geniigi Bonvouloir very ju.stly remarks that it pre- sents so many strange characters that it is difficult to a.ssign it a place. In the genera Gastraulacus and Temnillus the same metasternal grooves are observed, but the structure of the tarsi is similar to that of Agastocerus and Galba. A certain relationship also with Dro- mjBolus must not be lost sight of.
12
GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
D. flavicoruis Guerin. — Form cyliudrical, moderately robust, attenuate at posterior third only, dark brown, opaque, moderately densely clothed with yellowish cinereous pubescence ; antennae yellowish in color, scarcely passing the hind angles of the thorax ; head densely roughly punctured, front rather flat, a distinct rounded de- pression between the bases of the antennae ; clypeus very little narrower at base, the anterior border truncate at mid- dle ; thorax broader than long, sides nearly straight, very little narrower in front, slightly arcuate at the anterior an- gles, disc moderately convex, with a slightly marked line at the middle of the base and on each side a short oblique im- pressed line, surface rather densely rugose ; elytra narrower at apical third, without traces of striae, but with feeble traces of oblique impressions, surface densely rugose, but more finely than the thorax ; prothorax beneath densely rugose, the metasternum and abdomeu less coarsely rugose ; last ventral segment com- pressed on each side terminating in an obtuse point. Length .32 - .48 inch ; 8-12 mm.
The only specimen I have ever seen of this species is in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte, obtained by him from some European collection. It seems to be excessively close to bombycina found in Columbia, S. A., and this in conjunction with the fact that forty-two years have elapsed since its description without others having been found, makes me look upon the species as rather doubtful.
Occurs at Savannah (Bonvouloir).
STETHOX Lee.
Form cylindrical, rather robust, slightly narrower behind ; antennae very little longer than the head and thorax, compressed, diflFering in the two species in the proportions of the joints; head convex, deeply inserted; clypeus very little nar- rowed at base, much broader than the distance to the eyes, apical margin trun- cate, or feebly emarginate ; prothorax wider than long; elytra parallel, narrowed at apical fourth ; prosternum rather short in front of the coxae, the sutures deeply impressed, distinctly arcuate (pectorosus), or very feebly arcuate (errans), propleural triangle nearly equilateral, the antennal grooves marginal, deep, nar- row, closed behind and with parallel sides ; metasternal episterna very narrow, parallel; a slight longitudinal impression beginning at the outer side of the coxae ; hind coxal plates broad and dilated internally ; legs moderate, tarsi fili- form, the first joint as long or longer than the next four, fourth joint simple ; claws simple ; last ventral segment more or less prolonged at apex.
With the typical species (pectorosus) above there would be no difficulty in easily distinguishing the genus from almost every other in the Eucnemine series by the strongly arcuate prosternal sutures, but the second species shows a strong tendency to revert to the form usual in the series. Excluding the prosternal sutures from considera-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 13
tion the genus is closely related to Dromaeolus, from which it differs ill the simple tarsi and very broad clypeal base. The eyes do not narrow the antennal groove.
S. peotorosus Lee. — Form robust, cylindrical, slightly narrower behind, brown or piceous. subopaque, pubescence extremely short and sparse ; antennae not extending beyond the hind angles of the thorax, flattened, first joint stout, as long as the next three, second small, partly concealed, third one and a half times the length of the fourth, joints 4-10 gradually very little shorter, the outer joints a little wider than long, eleventh oval longer than the tenth ; head con- vex, coarsely and densely punctured ; clypeus twice as wide at base as the dis- tance to the eyes, apex very slightly emarginate ; thorax a little longer than wide, sides arcuate in front, straight and parallel posteriorly, hind angles rather obtuse, not carinate, a slight depression along the lateral margin, disc convex, sometimes slightly flattened along the middle with a shallow, but broad depres- sion deeper posteriorly and sometimes smoother, surface densely and rather ru- gosely punctured ; elytra striate, the intervals convex in their entire length, densely rugosely punctured ; prosternum coarsely but very sparsely punctured, the triangle more coarsely and densely; metasternum coarsely, but sparsely punctured ; coxal plates and abdomen more finely and densely ; hind tarsi with the first joint as long as the next four. Length .30 - 32 inch ; 7.5-8 mm.
As observed by Bonvouloir this species has considerable resem- blance in form and sculpture to Hi/lochares nigricornU.
Occurs in Ohio, Illinois and Missouri. A specimen in my cabinet was collected under the bark of Shellbark Hickory.
S. erraiis n. si). — Form cylindrical, slightly narrower at apical third, color ferruginous brown, feebly shining, very distinctly clothed with short fulvous pubescence; antenuie as long as the hind angles of the thorax, the first joint stout, as long as the next three, second small partly concealed, but as long as the fourth, third as long as the next two and more than twice as long as wide, joints 4-10 subequal in length, but gradually more slender, eleventh nearly as long as the preceding two ; head convex, densely punctured, a distinct carina extending from the base of the clypeus to the occiput ; clypeus very little narrowed at base, not twice as wide as the distance to the eyes, apical margin truncate ; thorax a little wider than long, sides arcuately narrowed in front, very slightly arcuate posteriorly, the hind angles short, a distinct submarginal groove ; disc convex, very slightly flattened at middle, a very vague median depressed line, surface densely punctured, on the deflexed sides more sparsely ; elytra vaguely sub- striate, the surface moderately densely subrugosely punctured ; prothorax be- neath coarsely, but not densely punctured, the triangle more opaque ; metas- ternum coarsely not densely punctured ; abdomen more finely and densely ; first joint of hind tarsi three-fourths the length of the tibia and longer than the next four joints. Length .28 inch ; 7 mm.
The charactei-s in which this species^differs from pectorosxis might almost be considered generic but I prefer to consider them allowable modifications within the genus rather than to increase the already
14 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
considerable number of feebly separated genera. The modifications alluded to are in the very feebly arcuate prosternal sutures, the an- tennae and the hind tarsi. In form and color this species resembles Microrluujm impremcoUis, but the pubescence is more evident. One specimen, Florida.
EIJC'K'EMIS Alireus.
Form oblong, moderately robust ; antennae passing very little the bind angles of the thorax, first joint moderately long, second small, third longer than the fourth, joints 4-10 transverse, dentate, the eleventh longer, oval and acute at tip ; head deeply inserted, eyes oval, entire, not narrowing the antennal groove ; clypeus distinctly narrowed at base {capucina), or scarcely so (americana), strongly inflexed, the apical margin distinctly sinuate at middle {capucina), or broadly emarginate {americana), front carinate ; prothorax broader than long, narrower in front, hind angles slightly prolonged, not carinate; elytra obsoletely sub- striate ; prosternal sutures straight, but deeply impressed ; propleural triangle broad, the outer side a little longer than the basal, the antennal groove deep, limited externally by the margin of the thorax ; metasternum with an impressed line beginning at the outer side of the middle coxte and extending directly backward nearly to the posterior margin and becoming gradually finer, another elevated line extends from the humeral angle of the metasternum and is directed obli((uely backwards and inwards ; metastcrnal episterna narrow and parallel ; posterior coxal plates triangularly dilated ; legs rather short, tarsi slender, the first joint of the posterior nearly as long as the next four together, the fourth joint simple ; claws simjjle.
For the first time this genus as restricted by Bonvouloir is indi- cated in our fauna. It resembles Deltometopus and Dromieolus in many of its characters, but may be distinguished from either by the metasternal characters and slender tarsi.
One species is known in our fauna.
E. aiiierioaua n. sp. — Piceous black, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with short grayish pubescence, form oblong, slightly narrower posteriorly ; an- tennje ferruginous brown, the first joint darker ; head convex, moderately densely jiunctate, a distinct carina extending from the apical margin of the clyi^eus to the occiput ; clypeus more coarsely punctate, very little narrowed at base and slightly wider than the distance to the eyes ; thorax wider than long, narrower in front, the sides feebly arcuate posteriorly, more so in front, disc convex, a slight de- pression at middle posteriorly and feebly along the basal margin, surface rather finely not densely punctate ; elytra vaguely substriate, the surface punctured similarly to the thorax and somewhat rugose along the base, sutural stria fine and entire ; body beneath rather coarsely but not densely punctured, the abdomen rather more finely punctured ; last ventral segment obtuse at tip, a slight trans- verse impression each side near the apical margin ; legs brownish. Length .24 inch ; 6 mm.
The specimen from which the above descri])ti()n has been drawn is in my cabinet, from near Mt. tShasta, California. There is a second
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 15
specimen in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte somewhat smaller, the sides of the thorax a little more oblique and the disc of thorax more sparsely i)unctate ; this I am unwilling on the one specimen to sepa- rate it with another name notwithstanding the fact that it is labeled Kentucky.
E. amencana resembles capucina in form and color and seems to differ only m the characters noted in the generic description.
DEIiTOMETOPUS Bonv.
Form elongate, moderately convex, gradually narrower posteriorly ; antennae moderately elongate, shorter in the female ; head convex, rather deeply inserted ; cly])eus narrower at base than the distance to the eye, the anterior border arcuate, with a slight sinuation at middle ; prothorax as long as wide, diftering in form in the two sexes; elytra gradually narrower to apex, striate; prosternal sutures divergent, triangle of propleurse longer than wide, the antennal groove deep, limited externally by the lateral margin, and not interrupted on the head by the eyes; metasternal episterna nearly parallel, very slightly wider behind, the epimera not visible ; hind coxal plates gradually, but not greatly dilated inter- nally; last ventral segment obtuse ; legs rather short, first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next three, the fourth slightly dilated, excavated above and slightly lobed beneath, claws simple.
The differences between this genus and Dromseolus are rather feeble. In the latter the antennal grooves are narrow and not much than one-fourth the width of the base of the propleural triangle, while in Deltometopus the grooves posteriorly are one-half the width of the triangle.
Two species occur in our fauna.
Antennae not as long as half the body, pectinate in the % serrate 9 > tlie an- tennal groove distinctly wider behind siiiicenioornis.
Antennae longer than half the body % , nearly half as long as body 9 , filiform in both sexes, antennal grooves very broad, not narrowed in front, apparently widest at middle rtifipes.
D. aniociiic'oriiis Say. — Form moderately elongate, gradually narrowed behind, piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence ; an- tennae not reaching the half of the body, piceous or with the second and third joints testaceous in % , first joint rather stout, second small, third three-fourths as long as the first, fourth triangular, broader and more acute '^ , joints 5-10 pectinate % , the branches longer than the joint and gradually longer externally, the eleventh joint slender, longer than the branch of the tenth, joints 5-10 J serrate, the tenth oval, acute, as long as the two preceding ; head densely punc- tate, front slightly concave, the interocular carina interrupted at middle and slightly turned downward to the base of the clypeus, but entirely absent in the female ; thorax a little wider than long, narrower in front % with the sides straight, slightly arcuate near the front angles ; in the female the thorax is widest one-third behind the apex, the sides in front arcuate, posteriorly straight and
16 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
slightly converging, disc convex, moderately densely punctate, hind angles not carinate ; elytra striate, intervals slightly convex, rather densely rugosely punc- tate ; body beneath coarsely, but not densely punctate ; abdomen more finely and closely ; legs ferruginous, brown. Length .12 - .18 inch ; 3 - 4.5 mm.
The males are usually smaller and more slender than the females and the form is so obviously different that it is not remarkable that Say described them as distinct.
In distribution the sjDecies is widely diffused, occurrmg from the N. E. States to Texas.
I have examined the type of D. ereptus Bon v. in the cabinet of my friend Salle, and find that it is merely an avKsnicornis with the branch broken from the fifth joint of the antennae. May not Euc- nemis monilicornis Mann, be the female of amcenicornw ?
Closely related to ammnicornis is foveolatus Guer. from Mexico. Bonvouloir appears to have seen but one 9 in which there were two transverse foveae on the disc of the thorax. These seem not to be always present and therefore of no value in separating the two species. I find, however, that the marginal sulcus is quite well marked in the 9 and will serve to distinguish both sexes from amcenicornis.
D. riifipeN Mels. — Form oblong, rather slender % , stouter 9 , brown or pi- ceous, slightly shiuing, sparsely clothed with cinereous pubescence ; antennae paler brown, two-thirds the length of the body and slender % , less than half the length of body and stouter 9 > joint second shorter, but equal to the fourth, third nearly as long as the next two, joints 5-10 slender, gradually longer, the elev- enth one and a half times as long as the tenth ; in the female joints 4-10 are nearly equal in length, very little longer than wide, the eleventh nearly as long as the two preceding ; head convex, coarsely and deeply punctate, front rather deeply depressed above the base of the clypeus, the fi-ontal carina broadly inter- rupted at middle ; clypeus very coarsely punctate, very narrow at base, less than half the distance to the eyes ; thorax slightly broader than long, narrower in front, but less so in the female, sides posteriorly straight, in front arcuate, hind angles very little prolonged, not carinate ; disc convex, moderately coarsely and closely punctate, a very slight median line 9 not evident in the % ; elytra grad- ually narrower at apical third, the disc vaguely substriate near the base, surface more finely and sparsely punctate than the thorax ; body beneath coarsely and closely punctate ; legs rufo-ferruginous. Length .14 % - .22 9 inch ; 3.5 - 5.5 mm.
Since my attention has been called to this species by the studies preliminary to the present essay, it has given me nearly as much trouble as my notes concerning it ajDpear to have caused Bonvouloir.
In comparing this species with amoenicornis two very striking dif- ferences have been observed ; first, in the form of the antennae and second in the antennal grooves. The unusual length of the antennse % has, however, a parallel in falla.r, a Brazilian species, and may
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 17
and may therefore be dismissed from further consideration. In all the species of Deltometopus the antennal groove is distinctly wider behind. In rufipes the groove is fully as wide as the small pro- pleural triangle and not wider behind but, if anything, widest oppo- site the middle of the propleural triangle. The width of the groove is such that the outer apical angle of the prosternum is cut off by it. Two specimens, Canada.
D ROM .1:01.1 S Kies. Form slender, subcylindrical, usually narrower posteriorly ; antennte filiform, or very feebly serrate, usually more slender to the tip ; head convex, deeply in- serted . eyes convex, not encroaching upon the antennal groove ; clypeus narrowed at base, inflexed, the apical margin usually truncate at middle, sinuate each side ; mandibles robust, the exposed surface large and rugose ; prothorax variable in form, usually not longer than wide; prosternal sutures distinct, usually deep, slightly divergent, the propleural triangle always longer than wide at base, the antennal gi-ooves narrow, parallel, open behind, usually deep and sharply limited, rarely (hasalis and nitens) shallow and not limited internally; metasternal epis- terna parallel, the epimera invisible ; hind coxal plates gradually wider inter- nally ; legs moderate ; hind tarsi with the first joint variable, at least as long as the next three joints, the fourth excavate emarginate above and slightly lobed beneath ; claws simple.
ThLs genus and Fornax are very closely related, the only constant difference being that the larger eyes of the latter narrow the antennal groove at its entrance on the head. This character is, however, diffi- cult to realize at times, so that I have doubted whether salsus should really be retained in the present genus.
This genus Ls represented on both sides of the continent, the sj^ecies are as follows :
Interocular carina entire, extending across the base of the clypeus.
ealirorniciis.
Interocular carina interrupted at middle 2.
2. — Clypeus at base half as broad as the apical margin 3.
Clypeus at base very narrow 8.
3. — Body above brown 4.
Body above black 5.
4.— Mesopleura- punctured at base and externally (second joint of antennae
shorter than the fourth Bonv.) sejunctus.
Mesopleurae punctured over the entire surface ; second joint of antenuaj
longer than the fourth i^alsus.
5. — Marginal grooves of thorax shallow, not sharply limited internally 6.
Marginal grooves deep, sharply limited 7.
6. — Propleural triangle fully twice as long as wide; upper surface shining,
pubescence very sparse and inconspicuous uitens.
Propleural triangle not twice as long as wide ; upper surface opaque, elytra with paler pubescence at basal third basalis
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (3; JANUARY, 1886.
18 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
7. — Elytra deeplj' striate, surface roughly sculptured, the punctuatiou of the abdomen coarse, the pubescence inconspicuous J^ti'iaf US.
Elytra faintly striate, punctuation not rough, the abdomen rather densely and finely punctured, the pubescence conspicuous Harriiigtoiii.
Elytra without strife, punctuation not rough, the abdomen coarsely punc- tured, pubescence very sjjarse cyliudricollis.
8. — Color bi-own, antenuse shorter than half the body, propleural triangle twice as long as wide; elytra finely striate IVIar»$ouli.
Color piceous, antennae half as long as the body, propleural triangle not twice as long as wide; elytra not striate piii^illiis.
D. califoruicus Bonv. — Form oblong, moderately robust, color nearly black, subopacxue, sparsely clothed with short brownish pubescence; antennae not extending beyond the hind angles of the thorax, filiform and rather com- pact, second joint distinctly longer than the fourth, third as long as the next two, fourth and fifth very little longer than wide, 6-11 gradually longer ; head convex, the punctuation dense, slightly rugose, but not very coarse, the inter- ocular carina extending distinctly across the base of the clypeus ; clypeus nar- rower at base than half the apex and equal to half the distance to the eyes ; thorax as long as wide, the sides posteriorly parallel, or feebly arcuate, anteriorly arcuately narrowed to the front, disc convex, a very feebly impressed median line almost obsolete in front, surface coarsely, densely and subrugosely punctured ; elytra distinctly striate, the intervals feebly convex, densely subrugosely punc- tured, but less coarsely than the thorax ; prosternum coarsely, but sparsely punc- tate, the sutures straight, open in front, the triangle one and a half times as long on the outer side as wide at base ; antennal grooves deep, sharply limited ; metas- ternum and abdomen coarsely and moderately densely punctured, last ventral segment not prolonged in a point ; legs brownish ; tarsal claws simple. Length .36 - .40 inch ; 9 - 10 mm.
This species ha.s the most robust faeies of any in our fauna and may be at once known by its subopaque bhick color and the entire interocular carina. By the table given by Bonvouloir it is plainly related to ischiodontoides, from which it differs in color and form of its thorax. In comparing the above description with that by Bonvou- loir sevei'al unimportant differences will be observed. The type is in my cabinet.
Two specimens, California.
D. sejuuetiis Bonv. — Form straight, slightly attenuate posteriorly, reddish brown, clothed with short yellowish pubescence ; antennse slender, ferruginous, not as long as half the body, second joint shorter than the fourth, third distinctly longer than the fourth, joints 5 - 10 longer than wide, gradually longer, the elev- enth one-half longer than the tenth ; head convex, punctuation fine, rather dense, scarcely rugose, interocular carina broadly interrupted at middle ; clypeus at base half as wide as the apex ; thorax a little wider than long, sides posteriorly straight and parallel, anteriorly feebly arcuate, disc convex, a small fossa on each side of the middle of base, a feeble median line near the base which beconies obliterated, and is again evident in front without, however, reaching the middle, the i)unctua- tion not coarse nor very den.se, slightly rugose near the sides ; elytra finely striate,
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 19
strise finely, moderately densely punctate ; body beneath finely and densely punc- tate, a little coarser on the prosternum ; antennal groove sharply defined, not wider posteriorly, the propleural triangle with the outer side twice as long as the base ; mesopleurfc with few punctures at base and externally ; legs and tarsi fer- ruginous. Length .36 inch ; 9 mm.
I have in my collection a specimen which I think must be referred to this species, but I do not observe the median depressions of the thorax mentioned in the above description. These are, however, faint in the type and are a variable quantity, so that I do not attach any importance to their absence. The facies of the species is very deceptive and not unlike Fornax bicohi: In addition to the charac- ters given by Bonvouloir I observe that the last joint of the tarsi is extremely slender and the claws very small, feebly curved and sim- ple. My specimen is .42 inch ; 10.5 mm. long.
Collected near Caiiandaigua, New York, by I'abbe de Marseul, and on Long Island by Mr. Wm. Jiilichs.
D. salens Bonv. — "This species is .so like the preceding that I hesitated a long time before separating it ; so that it will be neces.sary to mention only the ditferential characters. The pubescence is more silken and of a golden reddish color ; the head more coar.sely, densely and roughly punctured ; the clyiieus wider at base and the apex is not twice as wide ; the front is slightly impre.ssed at mid- dle anteriorly ; the thorax is very nearly as long as wide, the sides slightly sinuate, the punctuation coarser, denser and more rugose, the base on each side of middle more depressed and with a small median gi-oove, which is interrupted, attaining the middle in front ; the intervals of the strise are distinctly rugo.se tramsversely ; the mesopleurte are entirely punctured with coarse impressed punctures. Length .38 inch ; 9.5 mm.
The al)ove is nearly a literal translation of Bonvouloir's remarks, which I have thought advisable to repeat in order that the preceding species may be more readily known. I observe, hoAvever, that the second joint of the antennae is much longer than the fourth, the third as long as the next two, the fourth is short, not as long as wdde, joints 5 - 10 gradually very little longer, eleventh longer and acute at tip.
I am indebted to my friend Salle for the privilege of examining the type of this species, collected by him in Louisiana.
D. nitens n. sp. — Form oblong, parallel, narrowed only at apical third, color black, moderately shining, the pubescence extremely short and inconsiiicuous ; antennae piceous, extending slightly beyond the hind angles of the thorax, slender, scarcely at all serrate, second joint as long as the fourth, third as long as the next two, 4 and 5 equal, 6-8 equal, distinctly longei-, 9 and 10 equal, scarcely longer than 4 and 5, eleventh one and a half times as long as the tenth ; head convex, without interocular carina, moderately densely, but not roughly punctured ; cly-
20 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
peus broad at base, equal to half the apex, and nearly as wide as the distance to the eyes ; thorax a little longer than wide, sides posteriorly nearly straight, arcu- ate at apical third, disc moderately convex, at base a moderately broad triangular depression, at the bottom of which the median line is distinctly impressed and extends forward to the middle becoming gradually obsolete, surface moderately densely punctate, distinctly rugose at the sides ; elytra faintly striate at the base and sides, the surface more finely and sparsely punctate than the thorax ; body beneath moderately densely punctate, more sparsely and coarsely in front ; pro- pleural triangle twice as long on the outer side as wide at base, the antennal groove shallow, deeper in front, not sharply limited internally ; mesopleurte sparsely j)unctate in front and externally ; legs piceous, tarsi brown. Length .38 inch ; 9.5 mm.
This species and the next are remarkable in having the antennal grooves badly limited on their inner side. The present species is more shining and with almost invisible pubescence. In general ap- pearance it resembles cyluidricol/is, but is larger and less convex.
Occurs in Oregon and Washington Territory.
D. basalis Lcc. — Form moderately elongate, slightly attenuate posteriorly, black, subopaque, clothed with very short brown pubescence, but with the basal third of the elytra more densely clothed with longer, yellowish cinereous pubes- cence ; antennse dark brown, slender, filiform, slightly longer thau to the hind angles of the thorax, second joint as long as the fourth, third a little longer than the next two, four to ten gradually longer, eleventh nearly as long as the two pre- ceding ; head convex, densely and rather roughly punctured ; clyi^eus as broad at base as half the apex and nearly as wide as the distance to the eyes ; thorax as broad as long, sides posteriorly straight, arcuately nari'owing at apical third, disc moderately convex, a vague depression at the middle of the base, median line feebly impressed extending forward nearly to the middle, surface very densely punctured and at the sides rugose; elytra substriate, the surface moderately densely punctured, more finely than on the thorax ; body beneath more sparsely and more finely punctured than above, the punctures of the prosternum coarser ; triangle of the propleurse not twice as long as wide at base, the antennal groove shallow and scarcely at all limited internally ; mesopleurse sparsely punctate ; legs brown, the femora darker. Length .24 - .34 inch ; 6 - 8.5 mm.
The antennal grooves are even more shallow than in nitens, a char- acter which seems to have been entirely overlooked by Bonvouloir. The paler pubescence forms a broad band at the base of the elytra and becomes gradually wider externally.
The very shallow and feebly limited antennal grooves of these two species seem to indicate some relationship with those species of Ne- matodes in which there is a beginning of an antennal groove near the front angle of the thorax.
This species occurs in the mountainous regions of Northern Cali- fornia and Nevada.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 21
D. striatus Lee. — Form moderati'ly elongate, gradually narrower posteriorly, black, subopaque, sparsely clothed with sliort yellowish gray pubescence, some- times more conspicuous on the thorax and base of elytra ; antennae not passing the hind angles of the thorax, slender, second joint longer than the fourth, third equal to the next two, joints four to ten gradually longer, eleventh one and a half times the length of the tenth ; head coarsely and rather roughly punctured, the interocular carina not reaching the clype\is ; the latter at base half as wide as at apex, nearly as wide as to the eyes ; thorax distinctly longer than wide, sides par- allel, or very slightly arcuate, in front arcuately narrowing to the apex, disc mod- erately convex, a distinct depression at the middle of the base, in which the median line is very deeply impressed one-third toward the apex, surface densely punctured, more roughly toward the sides ; elytra deeply striate, the intervals slightly convex, rather coarsely and roughly punctured ; prosternum moderately not densely punctured ; the propleural triangle twice as wide as long at base, the antennal groove deep, narrow, sharply limited ; mesopleurse sparsely punctate ; metasternum very coarsely sparsely punctate ; abdomen with a coarse not dense punctuation, the pubescence very sparse ; legs piceous, the tibise and tarsi some- what paler. Length .2'2 - .34 inch ; 5.5 - 8.5 mm.
Tliis species is rather more robust, the sculpture more rugose than either of the next two species and differs also in the elytra much more deeply striate.
It seems to be the analogue in the Atlantic region of californicMs in the Pacific as cyllndricollis is of niteni< and Harringtoni of basalis.
Occurs from New York to Florida, but is more essentially a
Southern species.
D. Harringtoni n. sp. — Form elongate, moderately convex, slightly nar- rower posteriorly, black, shining, sparsely clothed with cinereous yellow pubes- cence, more conspicuous on the thorax and base of elytra ; antennge slender, passing slightly the hind angles of the thorax, feebly subserrate, second joint as long as the fourth, third not quite as long as the next two, joints four to ten longer than wide and gradually more elongate, eleventh one-half longer than the tenth ; head convex, densely punctured, a distinct transverse frontal impres- sion, interocular carina broadly interrupted at middle ; clypeus as wide at base as half the apex and wider than half the distance to the eyes ; thorax longer than wide, sides posteriorly straight, but slightly convergent, anteriorly slightly arcuate, disc moderately convex, a slight triangular depression posteriorly, the median line finely impressed one-third to the front, surface not coarsely nor densely punctured at middle, more densely at the sides, but not rugose ; elytra substriate, the punctuation a little coarser and closer than on the middle of the thorax ; prosternum rather closely finely punctate, the triangle more coarsely, its outer side not twice as long as base, the antennal groove deep, narrow and sharply limited ; mesopleurse coarsely sparsely punctate ; metasternum coarsely punctured, the punctuation somewhat longitudinally strigose ; abdomen densely rather finely punctate, the pubescence rather dense; legs i)iceous. Length .22- .24 inch ; 5.5 - 6 mm.
The elytral sculpture is about intermediate between cyHinlricoUh
and driatus, otherwise the sculpture of the surface resembles the for-
22 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
mer, but is finer. The median basal depression is smaller than either of those and the median line is not deeply impressed. The punctua- tion of the abdomen is much finer and its pubescence denser, so that in certain lights it obscures the punctuation. I have no doubt but that this species is mixed in most collections with striatus as a smoother variety.
I have named this species in comj^liment to Mr. W. H. Harring- ton, of Ottawa, to whom I am indebted for the kind loan of mate- rial on several occasions.
Occurs in New York and Canada.
D. cyliiidrioolli^ Say. — Form elongate, moderately convex, slightly nar- rower posteriorly, black, shining, sparsely clothed with very inconspicuous yel- lowish hair ; antennse not extending beyond the hind angles of the thorax, piceous, subserrate, second joint longer than the fourth, third as long as the next two, joints four to ten longer than wide and gradually longer, eleventh one-half longer than the tenth ; head convex, coarsely and densely punctured, interocular carina broadly interrupted at middle ; clypeus at base half as broad as at apex, but not more than half the distance to the eyes ; thorax longer than wide, sides straight and parallel posteriorly, obliquely convergent at apical third, disc moderately convex, a median depression at base, the median line very deeply impressed one-third from the base to the front, surface not very densely punc- tured at middle, more densely at the sides, but scarcely rugose ; elytra with the sutural stria extending two-thirds from apex to base, the surface otherwise mod- erately coarsely but not very densely punctured and not rugose ; prosternum rather finely not closely punctured, the triangle more coarsely and closely, the outer side twice as long as the base, the autennal groove narrow, deep and sharply limited ; mesopleurse obsoletely punctate ; metasternum and abdomen coarsely and rather densely punctured ; legs piceous. Length .28 - .34 inch ; 7-8.5 mm.
This species is readily known by the entire obliteration of the elytral striae except the sutural. Occurs from Canada to Georgia.
D, IVIar^eiili Bonv. — Form .subcyliudrical, slightly narrower posteriorly, bright reddish brown, moderately densely clothed with short yellowish pubes- cence ; antenna^ not as long as half the body, filiform, second joint equal to the fourth, third as long as the next two, joints 5- 10 at least twice as long as wide, gradually longer, eleventh longer than the tenth and slender; head convex, moderately densely and slightly rugosely punctate, interocular carina broadly interrupted at middle ; clypeus very narrow at base, not more than a fourth of the apex and scarcely a half the distance to the eyes ; thorax as long as wide, sides posteriorly straight and parallel, anteriorly arcuate and narrowed to the front, on each side of the middle of base a small fossa, median line not impressed, surface rather slightly punctate, denser and subrugose at the sides ; elytra finely striate, the intervals finely not densely punctate, slightly rugose on the sides ; body beneath a little darker than above, finely and densely punctate, more
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 23
sparsely on the prosternuin ; marginal groove deep, not wider behind, triangle of the propleurse almost twice as long on the outer edge as at base ; legs bright reddish brown. Length .30 inch ; 7.5 mm.
This species is also unknown to nie in nature. From the descrip- tion it seems to resemble very closely Fornax hacUm.
Collected at Canandaigua, New York, by I'abbe de Marseul.
D. pusillu!i» u. sp. — Form oblong, rather slender, distinctly narrower behind, piceous black, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with short brownish pubes- cence ; antennse ferruginous, a little darker externally, as long as half the body, second joint a little shorter than the fourth, third a little longer, joints four to ten feebly serrate, all longer than wide, gradually longer, eleventh more slender, nearly as long as the preceding two ; head convex, moderately densely punctate, interocular carina interrupted at middle ; clypeus very narrow at base, less than one-fourth the apex and a third the distance to the eyes ; thorax broader than long, sides feebly sinuate and gradually narrowed from the base to the apex, disc convex, a slight fovea each side of middle of base, median line a little smoother posteriorly and slightly elevated, surface coarsely not densely punc- tured at middle, more densely and roughly at the sides ; elytra with a fine su- tural stria and vague traces of strise in the basal depression, the surface a little less densely and less coarsely punctured than the thorax ; body beneath rather coarsely and moderately densely punctured, outer side of triangle of propleurse one and a half times the length of the base ; antenna! groove deep, sharply limited, not more than a third the width of the triangle ; mesopleurfe very sparsely punctured ; tibise and tarsi ferruginous, femora darker. Length .14 inch ; 3.5 mm.
This little species has a facies totally different from all the Dro- mseolus in our fauna. It is of the size and form of the male of Deltometopus amoeniconus, and it would have been placed in that genus in relation with the Brazilian fallax, except that the antennal grooves are as in Dromgeolus. The triangle of the propleurae is not, however, as long as is usual in the latter genus. Considering the extremely close relationship of the genera Deltometopus, Dromaeolus and Fornax, this species is better placed in the second. It is much the smallest species in our series and is equaled in this respect by dllufipes and Funckli, both of which belong to the series with the prosternal sutures closed in front. By the table given by Bonvou- loir the species would be placed near f rater and propinquus, both of which are comparatively large species and differ otherwise.
A specimen, female, in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte has the thorax larger, that is, the sides are less narrowed to the front and more ar cuate, differing, in fact, from the male as the two sexes of Deltome- topus amoenicornii difier.
One specimen, S , Northern Illinois, kindly given me by Mr. Fred. Blanchard, a 9 in cabinet of Dr. LeConte from Texas.
24 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
FORNAX Cast.
Form variable, but usually oblong, and more or less cylindrical ; antennae variable in length, usually serrate ; head convex, deeply inserted, the eyes mod- erately large and encroaching upon that part of the antennal groove extending on the head ; clypeus narrowed at base, but variably, the apical margin truncate at middle, sinuate each side ; mandibles presenting a rather broad rugose face ; prothorax of variable form, usually narrowed in front, the hind angles more or less prolonged; prosterual sutures distinct, slightly divergent, the triangle broad, usually as broad at base as long, the antennal grooves deep, sharply limited on each side, much narrower than the triangle, usually parallel (wider in front in infelix) ; elytra striate ; metasternal episterna moderate, parallel, the epimera not visible ; hind coxal plates widely dilated internally ; last ventral segment obtuse ; tarsi filiform, the first joint of the posterior pair as long as all the others, the fourth broader, excavate above and slightly lobed beneath ; claws toothed in the larger species, simple or slightly broader in the smaller.
The species of this genus are confined to the Atlantic region of our fauna, and are of rather homogeneous aspect. It is very closely related to Dromasolus, and separated by characters which seem in- clined to be evanescent. The only species possessing remarkable characters is infelix, these are alluded to in the description.
The characters of the following table will readily distinguish our species :
Second joint of antennse as long, or very nearly as the fourth 2.
Second joint small, not half as long as the fourth 3.
2. — Front without trace of interocular carina ; color pale castaneous-.basalis.
Front transversely carinate between the eyes ;" color piceous Horiiii.
3. — Epipleurae not grooved 4.
EpipleursE grooved and smooth 5.
4. — Interocular carina entire, color piceous; species small ealeeattis.
Interocular carina wanting; species large 6.
5. — Antennae slender, not serrate ; interocular carina extending slightly on the
base of the clypeus bicolor.
6. — Lateral margin of thorax single.
Antennae serrate on joints 4-8, the last three more slender and not ser- rate inolestus.
Antennae serrate on joints 4 -10, the last joint alone slender.
orehesides. Lateral margin of thorax double.
Antennae a little shorter than half the body and feebly serrate. .iiiftli-X.
F. badius Mels. — Form moderately elongate, somewhat narrower posteri- orly, castaneous brown, feebly shining, clothed with short fulvous pubescence ; antennae slender, a little longer than the head and thorax, first joint moderately stout, slightly arcuate, as long as the three following, second a little longer than the fourth, third nearly as long as the next two, fourth a little shorter than the fifth, joints 5-10 nearly equal, eleventh a little longer; head convex, with a moderate, but dense punctuation ; clypeus half as wide at base as at apex, the
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 25
base about equal to the distance to the eyes ; thorax a little longer than wide, slightly narrowed in front, the sides nearly straight, slightly arcuate in front, disc convex, moderately, coarsely and densely punctate ; elytra finely striate, the intervals flat, moderately densely punctate, slightly rugose at base ; body be- neath moderately densely punctured, the punctuation finer than above ; an- tennal groove deep, sharply limited ; last ventral segment acute at apex ; claws broader at base, but not toothed. Length .32 - .44 inch ; 8-11 mm.
This species is well known to nearly all collectors. The larva has been found by me in decaying oak. By the great kindness of my friend Salle, I have examined the actual type of Dromseolus novitius Bonv. and find that it is merely a darker form of the present sjDecies.
Occurs from Pennsylvania to Illinois and Louisiana.
F. Ilornii Bonv. — Form oblong, moderately robust, piceous, or nearly black, sparsely clothed with short fulvous pubescence ; antenufe brownish, extending a little beyond the hind angles of the thorax, very feebly serrate, second joint as long as the fourth, third a little longer, joints 4-11 gradually a very little longer ; head convex, coarsely and densely punctured, a distinct frontal carina between the bases of the auteunse ; clypeus at base less than a third the width of the apex and less than half the distance to the eyes ; thorax as long as wide, sides posteriorly parallel, anteriorly arcuately narrowing to the front, disc con- vex, coarsely and densely punctured, a slight depression at the middle of the base ; elytra striate, faintly at middle, more deeply at the sides, densely subru- gosely punctate ; body beneath rather densely punctate ; antennal groove deep, sharply limited ; posterior coxal plate rather abruptly broader at middle ; last ventral segment oval at tip ; legs ferruginous ; claws simple. Length .28 - 32 inch ; 7 - 8 mm.
This species resembles calceatvs, but is usually more robust and larger, the punctuation finer and the second joint of the antennae shorter.
In his description of this species in the concluding paragraph (p. 893) Bonvouloir speaks of F. basalw Lee. when he plainly refers to this species. He also quotes the locality " California" in error.
Occurs in Canada and Kentucky.
F. ealceatus Say. — -Form oblong, moderately convex, dark brown or pice- ous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with short yellowish pubescence; antenufe nearly half as long as the body, slender, second joint shorter than the fourth, joints 4-11 gradually slightly longer; head coarsely, deeply and roughly punc- tured, a small, smooth longitudinal space on the front, a distinct transverse carina between the bases of the antennse ; clypeus very narrow at base, scarcely a fourth either of its apex or the distance to the eyes ; thorax longer than wide, distinctly narrower in front, sides posteriorly straight, arcuate at apical third, disc convex, a slight median depression at base, surface coarsely, densely and roughly punctured ; elj'tra narrowed at apical third, faintly striate, surface coarsely, roughly and moderately densely punctured, but less coarsely than above ; antennal groove deep and sharply limited ; posterior coxal plates grad- ually, but rather widely dilated; tarsal claws simple. Length .20 -.24 inch ; 5-6 mm.
TEANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (4) JANUARY, 1886.
26 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
In this species the interocular carina is more distinct than in Hornii, and the posterior coxal plates gradually not al)rui)tly wider, these characters with the smaller second joint of the antennae and the coarser sculpture will readily distinguish the two.
Occurs in Canada and Massachusetts.
F. molestus Bouv. — Oblong, moderately elougate, convex, very little nar- rowed behind, dark reddisli brown, subopaquc, sparsely clothed with fulvous pubescence ; antennse passing very slightly the hind angles of the thorax, second joint small, 3-8 dentate, 9-10 more slender and not dentate, eleventh longer and filiform ; head coarsely, densely and roughly punctured, without longitu- dinal or interocular carinas ; clypeus broad at base, nearly twice the distance to the eyes; thorax a little wider than long, sides subparallel and straight behind, arcuate and narrowed to the front anteriorly, disc convex, a median longitudinal impression extending from the base to the middle, also two small impressed points in front of the scutellum, hind angles short, obtuse ; surface coarsely, densely and roughly punctured ; elytra slightly broader behind the middle, then arcuately narrowed to the apex, deeply striate, the intervals convex, densely, rather finely punctate and distinctly rugose ; mesopleurse rather finely and mod- erately densely punctured over the entire surface ; legs ferruginous, claws toothed at base. Length .52 inch ; 13 mm.
This species is unknown to me. It is evidently very like orchesides, but has the elytra a little broader behind the middle, the antennae differently formed, and the clypeus at base broader.
The locality indicated by Bonvouloir is simply North America.
F. orcliesirtes Newm. — Form oblong, moderately elougate, slightly nar- rower behind, convex, ferruginous to piceous, feebly shining, surface clothed with very short yellowish pubescence ; antenna? slightly compressed, more slen- der externally, extending a little beyond the hind angles of the thorax, second joint small, third not as long as the next two, joints three to ten serrate, the eleventh slender and longer ; head convex, coarsely and densely punctured ; clyi^eus at base a little broader than the .distance to the eyes ; thorax as long as wide, sides posteriorly feebly arcuate, anteriorly obliquely narrowed to the front, disc convex, the sides suddenly deflexed in front, a distinct median impression at basal half, and on the basal margin each side of the scutellum a small fovea, surface coarsely and densely punctured, hind angles acute, very little prolonged ; elytra distinctly striate, the intervals slightly convex, the punctuation finer than on the thorax, dense, slightly rugose at base, epipleurfe flat, roughly punctate ; punctuation of the under side of body a little finer than on the elytra and rather dense ; propleural triangle more opaque, the inner side and base equal ; meso- pleurse sparsely punctate on basal half, nearly smooth in front ; hind coxal plate gradually but much dilated internally; last ventral segments obtuse; claws broadly toothed at base. Length .40 - .68 inch ; 10-17 mm.
This is the largest in our fauna and one of the largest in the entire genus. It varies in size as well as in color, smaller specimens resem- bling, superficially, the next species.
Occurs in Canada, the New England and Middle States.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 27
F. bioolor Mels. — Oblong, moderately elongate, slightly narrower poste- riorly ; ferruginous brown, feebly shining, the thorax more opaque, sparsely clothed with short fulvous pubescence ; antennte slender, filiform, not at all den- tate, nearly as long as half the body, joint second small, third one and a half times the length of the fourth, joints four to ten gradually longer; head convex, coarsely, densely and rugosely punctured, a slight depression above the base of the clypeus, the interocular carina extending slightly on the base of the clypeus ; ' the latter very little narrowed at base and wider than the distance to the eyes ; thorax with the width and length about equal, the sides feebly arcuate and nar- rowing at apical third, hind angles scarcely prolonged, disc convex, sides strongly deflexed in front, a feeble median impression posteriorly, surface densely punc- tate, slightly opaque and rugose ; elytra striate, intervals slightly convex, densely rather finely punctate and slightly rugose, epipleurse smooth, longitudinally ex- cavated ; body beneath and legs paler than above, the punctuation moderately dense and coarser in front ; mesopleur?e sparsely punctate in posterior half, nearly smooth in front ; hind coxal plates gradually but much broader internally, the free edge angulate ; claws broadly toothed at base. Length .32 - .46 inch ; 8-11.5 mm.
This species resembles orchesides in form, but may be known by the slender antennae and the smooth sulcate epipleurse. This species is without doubt the same as that subsequently described by Chev- rolat as luridus. The information given by me to Bonvouloir that bicolor was synonymous with orchesides was erroneous, from the fact that the type of LeConte's description of bicolor was an orchesides. Since that time the type of Melsheimer has been seen, and is the species above described.
Occurs from the Middle States southward, and, according to Bon- vouloir, in Cuba.
F. iiifolix n. sp. — Form subcylindrical, parallel, very obtuse in front, nar- rower only at apical third, color ferruginous brown, subopaque, sparsely clothed with short yellowish pubescence ; antennse paler, slender, nearly as long as half the body, feebly serrate, joint second small, third a little longer than the fourth, joints four to eleven gradually longer; head convex, coarsely densely and roughly punctured, without trace of interocular carina; clypeus slightly nar- rowed at base, but not broader than the distance to the eyes ; thorax very dis- tinctly broader than long, sides posteriorly feebly arcuate but not convergent, rounded near the front angles, disc convex, coarsely, densely and roughly punc- tured, a vague depression each side of the base, hind angles slightly prolonged, not acute, lateral margin distinctly double from apex two-thirds to base ; elytra striate, intervals slightly convex, moderately densely punctate and quite rough near the base, epipleurse roughly punctate, not sulcate ; prosternum shining, punctuation coarse but distant, the triangle with inner side shorter than the base, surf^ice densely, coarsely punctured ; antennal groove very deep and smooth, open posteriorly, very distinctly wider in front ; mesopleurte moderately, densely, finely punctate in anterior half, very smooth posteriorly ; metasternum and ab- domen moderately, densely punctate ; hind coxal plate gradually wider inter- nally, the free angle rounded ; claws broadly toothed at base. Length .36 inch ; 9 mm.
28 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
This species has an entirely different facies from any other in our fauna, it in fact resembles a very large Microrhagm impressicollis, and from several rather odd characters which it possesses has given me considerable trouble to arrive at a conclusion regarding its generic position. In the first place the eyes do not so much encroach upon the antennal sulcus as is usual in the other species, while the sulcus is not so free as in Dromseolus. The sulcus is very decidedly wider in front. Finally, the lateral margin of the thorax is double in its anterior two-thirds. This double margin is not at all of the form described for Diaretus. After leaving the species for very nearly the final study of the present essay, I have concluded that it is better to consider it a Fornax than to make a new generic name.
Occurs in Florida.
PHAENOCERl S Bonv.
Form obloiifi, very slijfhtly depressed ; antenuge shorter thau the head and tho- rax, gradually clavate ; head convex, deeply inserted, the eyes oval entire, dis- tinctly encroaching upon the antennal groove ; clypeus broad at base, as wide as the distance to the eyes, apical margin arcuate ; prothorax gradually narrowed in front, very little wider than long; scutellum oval; elytra distinctly striate; prosternal strife rather deep, straight, divergent, the propleural triangle a little longer than wide at base, the antennal groove deep, sharply limited on each side and open behind ; metasternal episterna narrow, wider behind, the epiniera not visible ; hind coxal plates gradually wider internally ; legs moderate.
The unique before me is in very bad state of preservation, being entirely deprived of tarsi, but after a renewed study, thirteen years having elapsed since my original description I can see no reason for changing the generic position of the species. The flattened clavate form of the antennae leaves but little choice of position, but were the antenna? slender there could be no hesitation in placing it in Fornax,
One species is known in our fauna.
P. aiiierioanu»$ Horn. — Form oblong, slightly depressed, black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with very short black pubescence ; antenute dark brown, scarcely reaching the hind angles of the thorax, gradually clavate, first joint short, second and third equal in length, but distinctly longer than wide, fourth and fifth equal, a little longer than the third, six to ten broader thau long, and gradually wider, eleventh narrower oval ; head coarsely, densely punctured ; thorax a little wider than long, sides gradually narrowing to the front and very slightly arcuate, disc convex, a vague depression at middle of base and a shallow, broad depression near the lateral margin, surface densely and coarsely punctured ; elytra parallel, narrowed at apical third, surface striate, intervals flat, densely punctate ; prosternum coarsely but sparsely punctured, more shining, the triangle more densely and opaque ; metasterniim coarsely, sparsely punctate ; abdomen densely and much more finely. Length .30 inch ; 7.5 mm.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 29
111 form this species resembles a small Fornax orcheddes, but is much more depressed.
One specimen, Vancouver.
ADELOTHYREUS Bonv.
Form elongate, narrower posteriorly ; antennae half the length of the body, second joint very small, third as long as the next two, joints four to ten gradu- ally shorter and more strongly serrate, joint eleven elongate oval ; episterna nar- row at base; propectus with a short juxta-sutural groove, limited externally in front by a feeble carina ; lateral supplementary carinse distinct, the posterior very long, the anterior short and directed arcuately downward ; posterior coxal plates nearly parallel ; tarsi slender, the fourth joint slightly dilated and excavated above, beneath very feebly lobed, the first joint of the posterior tarsi as long as the next three ; claws very slightly broader at base.
This genus has all the essential characters of Microrhagus, except- ing that the juxta-sutural groove is here merely feebly indicated in front, while in that genus the groove Ls entire and limited externally by a well defined carina. It Is, however, probable that this character may not. long remain valid, as it will be seen that in M. humeralis the outer carina of the groove is obliterated posteriorly, and in that and Bonvouloiri the coxal plates are parallel, while the tarsal structure also more nearly resembles Adelothyreus.
One species is known in our fauna.
A. Dejeani Bonv. — Slender, elongate, gradually narrower posteriorly, pice- ous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with very short yellowish cinereous pubes- cence ; head deusely, roughly punctate ; epistoma at base narrower than the space between it and the eye ; antenna? piceous, joints four to ten serrate and gradually shorter, the eleventh elongate oval ; thorax slightly longer than wide, sides rounded near the front angles, bind angles slightly divergent and with a short carina, disc convex, a slight median depression, a slight oblique depression on each side of the middle of the base, surface densely, roughly, submuricately punctate ; anterior supplementary carina arcuate, directed downwards, tending to become parallel with the anterior margin, posterior supplementary carina long, extending three-fourths to the front; propectus with large but shallow punctures, the rudimentary antennal groove smooth ; elytra narrower than the thorax, gradually attenuate posteriorly, disc vaguely striate, the surface closely and submuricately puuctate; body beneath and abdomen rather coarsely and closely punctate ; femora piceous, tibite and tarsi paler ; last ventral segment ob- tuse. Length .14- .16 inch ; 3.5 - 4 mm.
This insect seems to be very rare, I have seen but one specimen
collected in Maryland and kindly loaned me by Mr. Ulke.
MICRORHAGUS Esch.
Form elongate, usually narrower posteriorly ; antennse at least half as long as the body, second joint small, third usually nearly as long as the next two, four
30 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
to ten serrate, sometimes pectinate in the male ; epistoma variable, usually very narrow at base; propectus with an entire juxta-siitural sulcus limited externally by an entire carina (except in liumeralis) ; lateral supplementary carina distinct, variable between the species : posterior coxal plates variable, usually narrower externally, in two species parallel ; tarsi slender, the first joint of the posterior pair usually as long as the next three, the fourth joint usually broader and lobed beneath (except in two) ; claws variably dilated at base.
Before presenting the table of species and entering upon their de- scription it is well to explain the meaning of several terms originated by Bonvouloir, and which I have retained for the sake of uniformity.
The anterior supplementary carina is an elevated line connected with the apical marginal ridge near the front angles and directed backward. This carina is short in all the species except pectinatus, in which it extends to the middle of the side of the thorax.
The posterior supplementary carina begins at the tip of the hind angle beneath and extends forward more or less sinuously, it is rarely long, in two species very short {audax and imperjecius) and in another (pectinatus) entirely wanting. This carina is really the true lateral margin of the thorax, as in some Cardiophorini.
The j K.rta-sutural sulcus, to receive the antennae when at rest, follows nearly the line of the prosternal suture, it is limited externally by a well defined ridge, which is entire exce])t in humeralls and imperfectvs.
The other terms are such as are commonly used, and need no ex- planation.
There seems to be a tendency in our species to show the gradual obliteration of the characters which separate Adelothyreus and Mi- crorhagus by the disappearance of the posterior portion of the outer carina of the sulcus, the wide coxal plates and the simple tarsi.
In his tabular arrangement of the species Bonvouloir prefers to start with characters drawn from the supplementary carinas. The form of the coxal plates seems to me of far greater importance (it has more than generic value in some parts of the series) in enabling us to show more clearly the relationship between Microrhagus and Adelothyreus.
In a paper entitled " Throscides et Eucnemides Gallo-Rhenane," by A. Fauvel (Rev. d'Entomologie iv, j). 338) the name Dirrhagus Latr. is adopted in lieu of Microrhagus.
The following table will enable the species to be readily distin- guished :
Posterior coxal plates dilated internally, narrow externally 2.
Posterior coxal plates parallel, not dilated internally ; posterior supplementary carina very nearly entire 8.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 31
2. — Anterior supplemeutary carina of prothorax long, extendinji from the apex
to the middle, the posterior carina entirely wanting peetiiiatiis.
Anterior supplementary carina short, not reaching the middle of thorax 3.
3. — Posterior supplementary carina very short.
Outer carina of juxta-sutural sulcus entire ; middle of disc of thorax im- pressed aiidax.
Outer carina of juxta-sutural sulcus much abbreviated posteriorly ; disc of
thorax not impressed illiperfectus.
Posterior carina extending at least to the middle of thorax, sometimes lon- ger 4.
4. — Metathoracic episterna very narrow in front, broader posteriorly 5.
Metathoracic episterna broad and parallel 7.
5. — Pronotuni without ante-sciitellar carina, the median line impressed poste- riorly snb!«iiiiiatus.
Pronotum with distinct ante-scutellar carina, without median impressed
line 6.
6. — Pronotum narrowed in front, the sides distinctly sinuate oblittl!^.
Pronotum with parallel sides, or even slightly wider in front.
triaiii;;iilai*i»$. 7. — Disc of thorax impressed, posterior supplementary carina very nearly entire.
iiiipresisticolliis. 8. — Prosternum obtuse at tip, outer carina of the juxta-sutural sulcus entire.
Boiivonloiri. Presternum prolonged and acute at tip, outer carina of juxta-sutural groove
obliterated posteriorly Iiuineralis.
M. peetiuatus Lee. — Piceous, moderately shining, form elongate, slightly narrower posteriorly, stirface sparsely clothed with a very short cinereous pubes- cence ; antennse piceous, two-thirds % , or one-half the length of body 9 > pecti- nate from the third joint %, , or acutely serrate J ; head coarsely and rather closely punctate, a distinct longitudinal impression between the eyes, the occiput carinate, supra-antennal ridges distinct ; clypeus very narrow at base ; prothorax wider than long, sides parallel, rounded in front, disc moderately convex, mod- erately coarsely, but not densely punctured, a slight ante-scutellar carina with a slight depression each side, hind angles finely carinate ; anterior supplementary carina of the thorax long, reaching the middle of the thorax, posterior carina extremely short, almo.st entirely absent; juxta-sutural sulcus slightly wider pos- teriorly, the outer carina entire extending to the hind angles of the thorax ; elytra as wide at base as the thorax, slightly narrowed posteriorly, disc vaguely striate, densely and more coarsely ptinctured than the thorax; prosternum coarsely punctured, propleurse more coarsely punctured ; metasternum and ab- domen at sides coarsely closely punctate, at middle and apex more finely and sparsely ; metasternal episterna slightly wider posteriorly ; legs brownish, tibi» and tarsi paler; fourth joint of tarsi dilated and lobed beneath, claws simple, hind coxal plates distinctly narrower externally. Length .18 -.20 inch; 4.5- 5 mm.
This species is known by the pectinate male antennae, the long an- terior supplementary carina and the almost total obliteration of the posterior. The latter character has been passed in silence by Bon- vouloir, who states, by mistake, that the metasternal side pieces are parallel.
32 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The only variation observed is in one specimen in which the median line of the thorax is slightly impressed.
Occurs in Canada, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia.
in. aurtax n. sp. — Form moderatrly elongate, gradually narrower behind, piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with short fulvous pubescence ; elytra pale brown ; antennse and legs bright rufo-testaceous ; auteunie two-thirds the length of the body, strongly serrate from the fourth joint ; head coarsely, densely and roughly punctate, vertex with three vague impressions arranged in a trian- gle ; clyi^eus slightly wider at base than the space between it and the eye ; pro- thorax a little wider than long, sides parallel, rounded only at the front angles, hind angles not divergent, distinctly carinate, disc convex, densely and rather coarsely punctured, a moderately deep median impression extending from the base to the middle and two vague oblique impressions each side ; anterior sup- plementary carina short, one-fifth the length of the thorax, oblique, posterior carina extremely short ; juxta-sutural sulcus deep and smooth, slightly wider posteriorly, the outer carina entire, extending to the hind angles ; elytra as wide as the thorax, narrowing at apical third only, disc vaguely striate, moderately densely punctured, rather less dense than on the thorax, a little finer near the apex, somewhat rugose on the basal depression; body beneath rather coarsely and closely punctate, more coarsely on the prosternal parapleural ; metasternal episterna very narrow, slightly broader posteriorly ; posterior coxal jilates niucli narrower externally; fourth tarsal joint dilated and lobed beneath, claws dilated at base. Length .14 inch ; 3.5 mm.
Having seen but one specimen of this species it is impossible to say with certainty that the pale reddish brown color of the elytra is a constant character. It is, however, remarkable among our species in having both the supplementary carinas very short and the median depression of the thorax rather deep.
Pennsylvania. Cabinet of Mr. H. Ulke.
]fl. iiiiperlectus Lee. — Form moderately elongate, slightly narrower be- hind, piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with very short fulvous pubes- cence; antennae reddish brown, the basal joint darker, half as long as the body, feebly serrate; head coarsely and moderately densely punctured, front slightly concave ; clypeus at base narrower than the distance from it to the eye ; thorax as long as wide, sides parallel behind, arcuate at apical third, disc moderately convex, coarsely not densely punctured, a finely impres.sed line from the base to the middle, hind angles obtusely carinate ; anterior supplementary carina straight, extending nearly one-third to base, posterior carina extremely short; juxta-sutural sulcus deep, punctured posteriorly, the outer carina extending barely more than one-half from the apex ; elytra substriate, surface coarsely and rather closely punctured, the punctures coarser than on the thorax and quite rough at base ; body beneath rather densely punctured ; prosternal episterna narrow, slightly broader posteriorly ; hind coxal plates narrower externally ; legs brown, tarsi paler, the fourth joint broader and lobed beneath, the claws dilated at base. Length .20 - .22 inch ; 5 - 5.5 mm.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 33
This sj)ecies resembles the females of pedinatus and subsiuuatus, but may be known from any of the species with narrowed hind coxal plates by the obliteration behind of the outer carina of the juxta- sutural sulcus.
Occurs in New York, Massachusetts and Maryland. I am in- debted to Mr. Fred. Blanchard for the only one I possess.
i?I. subsiuuatus Lee. — Form moderately elongate, slightly narrower be- hind, more so in the male, piceous or nearly black, moderately shining, very sparsely clothed with very short brown pubescence ; antennae piceous, feebly serrate, three-fourths the length of the body '^ , or a little shorter than that 9 ; head coarsely and moderately densely punctured, a slight depression above the base of the clypeus ; elypeus narrow at base, not more than half as wide as the distance between it and the eye ; prothorax wider than long % , a little less broad 9 , narrower in front, the sides sinuate at middle % , or nearly straight 9 , the hind angles carinate, at tip incurved ; disc moderately convex, slightly de- pressed at the hind angles, a distinct median impression extending from the base to the middle, surface moderately, not densely punctured ; anterior supplemen- tary carina at a right angle to the apical margin, extending nearly one-third toward the base, j^osterior carina very long, reaching nearly three-fourths to apex ; juxta-sutural sulcus deep and smooth, its external carina entire, reaching the hind angles ; elytra obsoletely striate, moderately densely and roughly punc- tured, the punctuation rougher and denser than on the thorax ; body beneath rather coarsely and densely punctured ; metasternal episterna narrow, slightly wider behind ; hind coxal plates narrower externally ; legs piceous, tarsi rufous, fourth joint broader and distinctly lobed, claws distinctly dilated at base. Length .14- .20 inch ; 3.5-5 mm.
In this species I have observed no s]jecial variation beyond that of color due to various degrees of maturity. The marginal ridge of the apex of the thorax is less develojied than usual, and the posterior sup- plementaiy carina very long.
The female of substrlatus resembles, superficially, imperfectiis, but the character of the posterior supplementary and the juxta-sutural carina serve to separate them. M. substrlatus seems to have been unknown to Bonvouloir, his description being nearly entirely quota- tion. The measurement given is, however, incorrect, and should be .2 inch ; 5 mm.
Occurs in Canada, Nova Scotia, Ohio, D. C. and Virginia.
WI. oblitus Bonv. — Form moderately elongate, slightly narrower posteriorly, piceous, hind angles of thorax rufe.scent ; elytra dark reddi.sh brown, sparsely clothed with very short yellowish pubescence ; antennae pale reddish brown, serrate from the fourth to tenth joints, two-thirds as long as the body ; head moderately, coarsely and densely jiunctate, slightly rugose, a slight carina on the vertex ; clypeus at base much narrower than the space between it and the eye ; prothorax a little wider than long, distinctly narrowed from the base to the apex,
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (5) .JANUARY, 1886.
34 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
sides slightly sinuate, basal region slightly depressed, a small ante-scutellar carina not quite reaching the middle in front, surface rather coarsely but not densely nor roughly punctate ; elytra indistinctly striate, the punctuation well marked and slightly rugose. Length .18 inch ; 4.5 mm.
This species is unknown to me, and the above description is from Bonvouloir. It apparently resembles subsinuatus more closely than any other of onr species. It is to be regretted that Bonvouloir has omitted special mention ( f tho supplementary carina? in nearly all his specific descriptions as they seem important, not only in the man- ner he uses them in his synoptic table, but for the se])aration of closely related species.
One specimen from Illinois (Museum at Stockholm).
M. triaiigiilaris Say. — Form moderately elongate, narrower behind, pice- ous, or nearly black, feebly shining, very sparsely clothed with short yellow- brown pubescence ; antennae piceous, feebly serrate, extending one-half 9 , or three-fourths the length of body % ; head rather coarsely, closely punctate, a slight depression above the base of the clypeus,_vertex feebly carinate or not ; clyiJeus narrower at base than the distance between it and the eye ; prothorax with the length and width nearly equal, sides straight and parallel, arcuate at the front angles, hind angles carinate ; disc moderately convex, a distinct ante- scutellar carina terminating in a slight median depression ; anterior supplemen- tary carina short, oblique, the posterior long, reaching the middle of the thorax ; juxta-sutural sulcus smooth and deep, nearly parallel, the outer carina entire ; surface of thorax moderately, coarsely and densely punctured ; elytra obsoletely substriate, closely and roughly punctate ; body beneath coarsely and moderately closely punctate ; metasternal episterna nearly concealed in front, slightly wider behind ; hind coxal plates distinctly narrower externally ; legs brownish ; fourth joint of tarsi broader and slightly lobed beneath, tarsal claws dilated at base. Length .12 - .16 inch ; 3 - 4 mm.
In some specimens the thorax is impressed on each side, otherwise there is no notable variation except in size, and somewhat in color. Occurs from Canada to Georgia.
M. iini>re»<>!!>icolIis Bonv.— Form elongate, subcylindrical, slightly nar- rower behind, rufo-ferruginous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with very short fulvous pubescence ; anteunse a little longer than half the body, joints four to ten distinctly serrate ; head coarsely, densely and rather roughly punctured ; clypeus broad at base and nearly twice as wide as the space between it and the eye ; pro- thorax a little wider than long, slightly narrower in front, sides posteriorly j)ar- allel, anteriorly arcuately narrowing, hind angles short, acute and distinctly carinate ; anterior supplementary carina short, slightly arcuate, the posterior very long and almost joining the apical margin; disc convex, a median im- pressed line starting fi-om the base and reaching the middle, where it becomes deeper and broader, surface densely, coarsely and somewhat roughly punctured ; juxta-sutural sulcus moderately deep, but relatively narrow, the outer carina well marked but feebler in its basal extension outwardly ; elytra distinctly striate,
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 35
the puuctuatiou less dense and finer than on the thorax ; body beneath more shining than above, the puiictiiatiou moderate, but not dense ; metasternal epis- terna rather broad and parallel ; posterior coxal plates much narrower externally ; last ventral segment with a large pubescent fovea % , or simple 9 ^ the tip pro- longed in an obtuse point % , or rounded 9 ; fourth tarsal joint dilated and lobed beneath, the claws slightly broader at base. Length .22 - .26 in(;h ; 5.5-6.5 mm.
This is the largest species in our fauna. It is easily known by the deep impression of the middle of the disc of the prothorax and the very long posterior supplementary carina. The juxta-sutural sulcus is relatively narrow, so that the space exterior between it and the supplementary carina is at least three times the width of the sulcus.
After a careful study of a specimen in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte in comparison with the descriptions of Bonvouloir, I feel constrained to unite miicklm Bonv. and impremcoUifi. The former diftei's mei'ely in the absence of the pubescent fovea in the last ventral segment, the latter being obtuse at tip. The differences seem purely sexual, impresi^koUh being probably the male. I am indebted to Mr. Salle tor a typical male.
Occurs in Florida, Louisiana and Texas.
With this S])ecies Bonvouloir has associated M. Salilbergl Mann., a rare species of Europe, which has on the penultimate ventral seg- ment a pubescent fovea. I do not find this character mentioned by any other European author. It would be interesting to learn if it is merely sexual.
M. BoMVOuloiri n. sp. — Form moderately elongate, narrower behind % , or nearly parallel 9 • piceous, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with very short fulvous pubescence ; antennpe rufo-ferruginous, longer than half the body, the joints three to ten distinctly longer than wide and slightly serrate % , or not serrate 9 > head coarsely and closely punctate, front above the epistoma de- pressed, vertex with a fine impressed line 'J, ; clypeus as broad at base as the dis- tance to the eye ; prothorax as long as wide, sides parallel, rounded near the front angles, hind angles carinate ; disc of thorax convex, a distinct oblique de]iression within the hind angles, surface coarsely, den.sely and very roughly punctured; anterior supplementary carina short, slightly arcuate, po.sterior carina long, nearly reaching the apical margin ; juxta-sutural sulcus moderately deep, parallel, the outer carina entire, extending obliquely to the hind angles but less elevated in this posterior portion ; elytra vaguely striate, surface coarsely and roughly punc- tured, l)ut less densely than on the thorax ; body beneath coarsely and closely punctate, rather roughly on the last ventral segment ; presternum at tip obtuse and rounded ; metasternal episterna very narroAV in front, wider po.steriorly ; hind coxal plates wide and parallel ; femora piceous, tibife and tarsi rufo-ferruginous, fourth tarsal joint narrow, not lobed beneath, claws slightly dilated at base. Length .12 -.18 inch ; 3-4.5 mm.
36 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
When fully colored this species is entirely piceous, but specimens occur with the apical and basal margins of the thorax much paler, as in kumeralis.
This species is closely related to Immeralk, but differs in coloration, the thorax is also longer, the jarosternum at tip of different form and the outer carina of the sulcus is entire. In one % specimen, how- ever, that carina becomes very feeble jjosteriorly, but the oblique portion is well developed.
Regarding this species there seems to be an amount of confusion difficult to explain. From Bonvouloir's statement LeConte sent him a specimen of this species as a type of humeralis, and Bonvouloir has so described it. I susj^ect that LeConte sent one of those entirely pi- ceous specimens mentioned by him (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. x, p. 420) in a paragraph not quoted by Bonvouloir.
While in Paris, in 1874, my friend Salle gave me from his cabinet one of three specimens from Louisiana labeled by Bonvouloir " ar- duus," and on asking recently for information from Salle I have been informed that Bonvouloir has also written on the label " se place apres humeralis," which is true of the specimen, but not of " arduus.''' Moreover, arduus belongs to the series with the coxal })lates narrower externally.
As Bonvouloir has certainly given wrong names to this and the following species, I have been comi)elled to change the name to Bon- vouloiri.
Occurs in Pennsylvania, D. C. and Louisiana.
11. Iiuiuerali^^ Say. — Form cylindrical, moderately robust, sliglitly nar- rower behind, piceous, subopaque, elytra at base reddish, surface very sparsely clothed with extremely short fulvous pubescence ; antennse rufo-ferruginous, as long as half the body % , shorter 9 joints four to ten longer than wide and dis- tinctly serrate % , or not longer than wide and not serrate 9 ; head coarsely closely and roughly punctate, smoother at middle, slightly impressed above the base of the clypeus, supra-antennal ridges well marked ; clypeus at base wide, equal to the distance to the eye ; thorax longer than wide, sides parallel, arcuate near the front angles, hind angles short, carinate ; disc convex, a feeble median impressed line, surface densely, coarsely, roughly punctate ; anterior supplemen- tary carina short, oblique, the posterior long and very nearly reaching the apical margin ; juxta-sutural sulcus moderately wide, slightly broader and punctate posteriorly, the outer carina abbreviated, extending to a point opposite the front of the coxffi ; elytra vaguely striate, the intervals often slightly convex, surface densely and roughly punctate ; body beneath piceous or brown, densely punc- tate ; metasternal episterna narrow in front, slightly broader behind ; hind coxal plates broad and jjarallel ; last ventral segment obtusely prolonged ; prosternal
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 87
process ]irolonged and acute ; legs ferruginous, fourth basal joint narrow and not lobed beneath, the claws very slightly broader at base. Length .12 - .24 inch ; 3- 6 mm.
In this species the apical and basal margins of the thorax are often pale, and the extent of red at the base of the thorax varies from a narrow space until it covers very nearly the basal half. The under side of the body also varies in color fr(jm ])iceous to pale brown.
This species is especially noteworthy from the abbreviation of the outer carina of the juxta-sutural sulcus showing a tendency toward Adelothyreus, which is further illustrated by the wide coxal plates and the narrow fourth tarsal joint.
By some inexplicable error Bonvouloir has described this species as new, under the name meticulosus. The descriptions by Say and LeConte are so clear as to the color, and this in connection with the types in LeConte's cabinet leaves no doubt as to the species they both had in view.
Widely distributed over the United States from Canada southward, and Bonvouloir reports it from Cordova, Mexico.
ENTOMOPHTHAI.MITS Bonv.
Antennae slender, nearly as long as the entire body, the second and third joints very small, together shorter than the fourth.
The other characters are as in Microrhagvis. The emargination of the eye, from which Bonvouloir derives the generic name, is variable in extent and does not form a character separating the two genera as traces of a similar structure are observed in M. impressicollis.
In our species the third antennal joint is smaller than the second, while in his description Bonvouloir, by a lapsus ea/ttmrjcompares the third joint with the fourth.
There is but one species known in (jur fauna.
E. riifioIu»<» Lee. — Form moderately elongate, slightly narrower behind, ferruginous, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with very short fulvous pubes- cence ; antennae slender, feebly serrate, nearly as long as the entire body ; head coarsely not densely punctate . eyes feebly emarginate in front ; clyi^eus at base a little wider than the space between it and the eye ; jirothorax a little wider than long, sides straight and parallel, scarcely at all rounded at the front angles, hind angles feebly carinate; disc moderately convex, obliquely depressed each side within the hind angles, a feeble ante-scutellar carina terminating in a feeble median depression extending two-thirds to apex ; surface coarsely not densely punctured ; anterior supplementary carina very short, the posterior extending three-fourths to apex; juxta-sutural sulcus deep, slightly wider posteriorly, the outer carina well developed and entire ; elytra vaguely striate with coarse, mod-
38 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
erately closely placed punctures substriately arranged, the intervals with finer punctures ; body beneath rather coarsely and closely punctate ; prosternuni nar- row between the coxae, prolonged and acute ; metasternal episterna narrow ; hind coxse much dilated internally; fourth tarsal joint dilated and slightly lobed be- neath, claws slightly dilated at base. Length .16 inch ; 4 mm.
Ill its form this species resembles Mier. triangular^, but the color is pale ferruuinous.
Occurs in Canada, Illinois and Tennessee, but seems very rare.
X\I.OBIl S Latr.
Form elongate, cylindrical ; antenna? a little shorter than half the body, joints four to ten quadrate, equal, joint eleven narrower at apex, a little shorter than the two preceding together ; head deeply inserted, eyes small, round and feebly convex ; clypeus trisinuate along the apical margin, base narrow, less than half the distance to the eyes; thorax narrower only at apical third, lateral margin line entire ; scutellum oval ; prosternal sutures straight, but divergent, under side of prothorax without trace of antennal grooves ; metasternal episterna ])ar- allel, the epimera concealed ; hind coxal plates neai-ly parallel, the posterior margin slightly sinuous ; legs rather short, tarsi compressed, gradually attenuate toward the axiex, the first joint of the posterior pair as long as the next two, the fourth obliquely truncate and slightly excavate above so as to appear lobed be- neath, claws slightly broader at base.
One species is known in our fauna.
X. eyllndrirorinis Horn. — Elongate, cylindrical, narrower at apical third ; color variable ; antenuie ferruginous, fourth joint longer than third or fifth, third longer than that portion of the second seen from the front ; head coarsely, closely and deeply punctured, fourth slightly impressed ; thorax a little wider than long, sides parallel, arcuately narrowing at apical third, hind angles acute, very slightly divergent, carinate, disc convex, coarsely, deeply and rather clo.sely punctate ; elytra very indistinctly striate, with coarse, deep punctures closely placed, the intervals very narrow, with a few finer punctures ; prothorax beneath with very large punctures, not closely placed ; metasternum less coarsely but more densely punctured, abdominal punctures still less coarse, but more sparsely placed ; legs ferruginous. Length .18 - .26 inch ; 4.5-5 mm.
The two specimens before me vary in color in the following man- ner : " Head piceous, anterior margin ferruginous ; thorax piceous, apical and basal margins rather broadly, the lateral margin narrowly red ; elytra piceous, entire limb, base and suture paler ; body beneath browuiish red, the metasternum piceous (typical specimen).
" Above and beneath almost entirely piceous, the base, hpex and sides of thorax narrowly paler."
This species resembles the two European forms, but is more robust than either, with the thorax more densely and coarsely pujictate.
Occurs in California and Nevada.
NORTH AMERICAN COLKOPTERA. 39
HYLOCHARES Lati.
Form cylindrical, robust, slightly narrower behind ; antennse not passing the liiud angles of the thorax, third joint twice as long as the second or fourth, joints four to ten eq.ual, as broad as long, very vaguely serrate, eleventh longer ; head deeply inserted, eyes oval entire; clypcus narrowed at base, trilobed in front ; thorax broader than long, lateral margin entire ; under side without an- tennal grooves, prosternal sutures straight, divergent in front ; metasternal epis- terna moderately broad, narrower in front, the epimera slightly visible ; hind coxal plates parallel ; legs moderate, first joint of hind tarsi as long as the next two, fourth lobed beneath, claws dilated at base; last ventral segment more or less prolonged at middle.
This genus i.s closely related to Xylobiiis and Sarpedon, ])ut may be known l)y the trilobe<l clypeus. I do not find the meta^iternal episterna entirely concealed as stated by Bonvouloii".
But one species occurs in our fauna.
If . iiigrioornis Say. — Cylindrical, slightly narrower liehind, black, feebly shining, the apical, and sometimes the basal margin of the thorax reddish ; head coarsely, densely and deeply jjunctured, front marked with a deeply impressed line which divides in front ; clypeus a little wider at base than the distance to the eyes; thorax broader than long, arcuately narrowing at apical half to the front, median line deeply and broadly impressed, a moderately deep transverse impression at middle, an oblique impression within the hind angles, the latter small, not carinate ; surface coarsely, closely and deeply ])unctured ; scutellum oval, acute, as wide as long; elytra deeply striate, stria? coarsely punctured, in- tervals convex, more finely punctured than the thorax, but quite rugose; i>ros- ternum coarsely and closely punctate, the pleurte more coarsely but less closely ; metathorax less coarsely and less densely punctured than the prosternum ; abdo- men similarly but more closely punctate ; last ventral segment slightly prolonged at middle and sinuate each side ; legs brownish. Length .32 - .38 inch ; 8 - 9 mm.
Occurs in Ohio.
SARPEDOIV Bonv.
Form cylindrical, moderately robust, slightly narrower behind ; antenna? slightly passing the hind angles of the thorax, joints three to ten bipectinate i-i the male, deeply bilobed in the female ; head deeply inserted as far as the eyes, these oval entire ; 'clypeus with the anterior border arcuate, with a slight emar- gination at middle, at base narrowed to one-half ; prothorax nearly quadrate, lateral marginal line acute and entire ; under side without antennal grooves, prosternal sutures straight, divergent in front ; scutellum rather broad, oval at tip; metasternal episterna moderately broad, broader posteriorly, the epimera distinctly visible ; plates of the hind coxae slightly sinuous on the posterior bor- der and slightly wider externally; legs rather short, posterior tarsi with the first joint as long as the next three, the fourth joint slightly broader and excavate above, slightly lobed beneath ; claws simple ; last ventral segment slightly pro- longed in an olituse point.
40
GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
In the above description there will be observed two differences from that by Bonvonloir, who says the metasternal epimera are invisible, and in the form of the antennte. In the female the antennal joints somewhat resemble those of Prionus, while in the male they are dis- tinctly bipectinate, the branches l)eing as long as the joint, the front branch arising from the distal end of the joint, while the posterior arises from the basal end. Sarpedon is closely related to Hylochares, but the two differ in the form of the clypeus and the structure of the antennae.
One species is known.
S. scabrosus Bonv. — Black, subopaque, apical margin of the thorax red- dish brown, the pubescence extremely short and sparse ; head coarsely, densely and roughly punctured, front triangularly impressed above the base of the clyjieus and with a moderately deeply im- pressed line extending to the occiput ; clypeus much nar- rower at base than the distance to the eyes ; thorax quad- rate, as long as wide, sides straight, slightly arcuate near the front angles alone, hind angles not carinate, disc convex, 1 >1 "Ip3«3v ^ median rather broad depression, a transverse depression
j/ liHfiffl \^ on each side in front of middle and one on each side at base ^' " ^*^ oblique, surface densely and very roughly punctate : elytra
striate, the intervals convex, roughly densely punctate ; body beneath more shining than above, densely puuctate, the punctures of the prothorax large and variolate, of the pectus large and coarse, on the abdomen dense and gradually finer to the apex ; legs piceous, the tarsi ferruginous. Length .22 - .26 inch ; 6.5 mm.
The length of this species as given by Bonvonloir is 10 mm., but the line on the plate as drawn by Migneaux is 5 mm., the former is certainly incorrect.
Occurs in Canada, Tennessee, Nebraska, but is very rare.
NE3IATODKS Latr.
Form elongate, cylindrical, more or less attenuate posteriorly ; antennae fili- form, usually slightly thicker externally ; head deeply inserted, convex, eyes slightly convex ; clypeus narrowed at base, apex arcuate at middle, on each side slightly sinuate ; mandibles rather broad and coarsely punctured ; prothorax usually longer than wide, the sides straight at posterior two-thirds, the lateral marginal line entire, the prosternal sutures straight, the propleurse of elongate triangular form with vague antennal depressions ; metasternal episterna narrow, parallel, the epimera not visible ; hind coxal plates widely dilated internally ; last ventral segment more or less prolonged in a point ; legs rather slender, the first joint of the hind tarsi as long (or nearly so) as the following joints together, fourth joint excavate-emarginate and slightly lol)ed beneath ; claws simple.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 41
The antennae differ in the proportions of their joints in our species and will be described in their proper places.
While Nematodes is evidently more related to Schizophilus, Epi- phanis and Hypoccelus, the resemblance in many important respects to Dromseolus must not be lost sight of, as there are several species of the latter genus in which the antennal grooves are rather shallow and not as sharply limited as in the majority.
The species known in our fauna are as follows :
Color piceous or dark brown ; last ventral segment distinctly prolonged ; size
6 -9.5 mm 2.
Color ferruginous, form slender ; last ventral not prolonged, but not obtuse ; size
3.5 mm teres.
2. — Joints 4-.5-6 of the antennse small, not longer than wide, the following joints
equal, rather abruptly longer penetrans.
Joints 4-5-6 longer than wide and very little shorter than the following
joints. Elytra gradually narrowed i)osteriorly from the humeri ; antennal depression
near the middle of the i)ropleural triangle atropos.
Elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly; antennal depression smooth, ex- tending along the entire outer margin of the propleural triangle.
puuctatus.
Elytra parallel, narrowed only at a]ncal third ; antennal depression adjacent
to the margin pavi<lus.
N. atropos Say. — Snbcylindrical, elongate, attenuate ijosteriorly, subopaque, very dark brown, almost black, sparsely clothed with a short grayish pubescence ; antenuit paler brown, a little shorter than half the body, slightly shorter in the female than the male, second joint longer than the fourth, third nearly equal to the next two, four to eleven gradually longer, each longer than wide, joints six to eleven a little wider than the preceding joints; head coarsely, densely and vaguely punctured, a vague triangular impression above the base of the clypeus with a vaguely impressed line on the front ; clypeus a little narrower than the distance to the eye ; prothorax distinctly longer than wide, widest one-third from apex, the sides from this arcuately narrowing to the front, behind nearly straight, slightly convergent, hind angles acute, not carinate, slightly divergent, disc convex, slightly flattened at middle, median line impressed, extending very nearly to the apical margin, on each side a fovea more or less impressed, surface densely and rugosely punctate ; elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly, surface striate, the intervals flat, densely rugosely punctate, but less coarsely than the thorax ; jyrosternum sparsely punctate, triangle of propleurse more densely punc- tate, the antennal depression along its middle ; metasternura coarsely punctate ; abdomen sparsely punctate at middle, more densely at the sides and very roughly on the last segment, the apex of which is prolonged in a point ; legs reddish brown. Length .24 - .36 inch ; 6 - 9 mm.
This species is, as a rule, larger than the next, and differs in the structure of the antennoe.
Occurs from Canada to Louisiana.
TKANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. ((')) FEBRUARY, 1886.
42 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
N. penetrans Lee. — Elon<<ate, subcylindrical, narrower posteriorly, dark brown or piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with short cinereous pubes- cence ; antennie ferruginous, not as long as half the body, second joint longer than the fourth, third fully as long as the next two, four, tive and six short, as wide as long, seven to eleven wider, equal in length, each as long as the third; head densely and roughly jjunctured, a slight depression above the base of the clypeus, above which is a slightly elevated smooth line ; thorax distinctly longer than wide, sides at apical third arcuately narrowing to the front, posterior two- thirds straight and parallel, liind angles acute not cai'inate, disc convex, at mid- dle slightly flattened, a distinct median impression extending two-thirds to the front, on each side a fovea more or less distinct, surface densely, roughly punc- tate ; elytra distinctly striate, the intervals flat, densely but not rugosely punc- tate ; prosternnm moderately closely punctate, the propleural triangle more densely, the antennal vague impression median : metasternum and abdomen densely punctate, the last ventral segment rough and acutely prolonged ; legs rufo-ferruginous. Length .24 inch ; 6 mm.
In this species the median line of the thorax is less depressed and shorter than in atropos, the antenna? otherwise formed and the nnder side of the body more densely punctnred.
Occurs from Canada to Georgia.
N. piinctatus Lee. — Form moderately elongate, gradually narrower from the humeri posteriorly, ferruginous brown, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with fulvous pubescence; antennae slender, as long as half the body, joint two a little longer than the fourth, third very little longer than the entire second, joints four to eleven gradually increasing in length ; head convex, very coarsely and roughly punctured, a slight depression above the base of the clypeus, the latter a little narrower than the distance to the eyes ; thorax not longer than wide, widest between the hind angles, sides nearly parallel posteriorly, arcuately narrowing to the apex, hind angles acute, very little prolonged ; disc convex, without me- dian depression, surface coarsely, densely and very roughly imnctured ; elytra gradually narrower from the humeri, striate, intervals slightly convex at base, coarsely asperately punctate, especially in front ; prosternum coarsely, obsoletely punctured, the triangle more coarsely, the antennal depression extending along the entire outer border and smooth ; metasternum andfabdomen densely jninctate, the last ventral segment roughly at apex, the tip obtusely prolonged ; legs brown. Length .21 - .26 inch ; .5.5 - 6.5 mm.
It is very evident that the description by Dr. LeConte has been made ])artlv from two distinct species, and I assume that the specimen in his cabinet bearinjj; his label must be accepted as the type of the species. In jmiirtdtits the third antennal joint is very little longer than the entire second and not longer than the fifth, while in the next species the third joint is decidedly longer than l)oth the third and fifth. In jHiriihis the antennal groove is visible only in front, whik' in punctafiiM it is much smoother and extends the entire length of tiie outer margin.
Occurs in Florida.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 43
N. pavidus n. sp. — Cylindrical, narrower at apical third, dark brown, very slightly shining, sparsely clothed with very short fulvous pubescence ; antennse a little shoi-ter than half the body, paler brown, joint two a little longer than the fourth, third a little longer than the second, but not as long as the fourth and fifth together, fourth very little longer than wide, five to eleven gradually more elongate and very little wider; head convex, very coarsely, roughly punctured, a distinct depression above the base of the clypeus, which is as wide at base as the distance to the eye ; thorax a little wider than long, sides at apical third ar- cuately narrowing to ajiex, posteriorly parallel, hind angles acute, very little prolonged, not carinate, disc convex, a vague median impression, surface very coarsely and roughly punctured ; elytra striate, the intervals flat, slightly con- vex near the base, moderately, densely, coarsely punctured, much less coarse than on the thorax, slightly rugose near the base; presternum shining, rather finely sparsely punctured triangle of propleurfe much more coarsely and densely except near the margin ; the antennal depression is adjacent to the lateral margin in front ; metasternum and abdomen moderately densely and coarsely puuctate, the last ventral very rugose, its apex subacute, but not ])rolonged ; legs pale lu'own. Length .26 inch ; 6..5 mm.
The above description has been made from one of the two speci- mens used by Dr. LeConte. By the table given by Bon vou loir (Mon. p. 647 ) this species seems most closely related to c-aneaiHa and infu!<cati(s, from ])ot]i of wliieh it differs in form and the mode of punctuation of the prosternum. It has also a pronounced superficial resemblance to Microrhtgu.^ imjtre.^sicol/is. In several of the species already described (Biarti and suspectus) the thorax has the width equal to the length, but the ])resent is the only one known to me with the width greater.
This species has for its type the Texas specimen referred to by Dr. LeConte (Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 404), which differs not only by the slight antennal variation, but also in general form and by the antennal depression visible only near the front of pro- pleural triangle.
One specimen, my cabinet, Texas.
'X. feres n. sp. — Form slender, cylindrical, narrower behind, i)ale rufo-ferru- ginous, feebly shining, sparsely pubescent; antennae less than half the length of the body, second joint as long as the fourth, third longer, joints four to eleven very gradually increasing in length, each about one-third longer than wide ; head convex, punctuation coarser, rough and variolate, front not impressed ; cly- l>eus at base as wide as the distance to the eye ; prothorax longer than wide, the sides straight and parallel, arcuate slightly at the front angles, disc convex, with- out impressions, the surface coarsely, deeply, densely and roughly punctui-ed ; bind angles very little prolonged, not carinate ; elytra parallel, narrowed only at apical third, striate, the intervals flat, with a single series of coarse and deep, but irregularly placed punctures ; prosternum coarsely not closely punctured, the mucro short, sulcate between the coxae, the propleural triangle more closely punc-
44 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
tured and without trace of aiiteiinal depression ; metasternum very coarsely and closely punctured ; abdomen less coarsely and more sparsely punctate, the last segment rugose, the apex not prolonged in a point. Length .14 inch ; 3.5 mm.
This species differs from all our other species in the absence of pro- longation to the last ventral segment, a character which seems rather of feeble value inasmuch as in penetrans I have observed a gradual diminution of the spine and its almost total obliteration. In other genera species have been admitted with and without the acute ti|) of the last ventral.
From the table of species as well as by the description this s]iecies seems very closely related to /iHpidanus, which is similar in color and even smaller in size.
Occurs at Columbus, Texas.
HYPOC<EL,lTS Esch.
Form oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly ; antenna; filiform, not dentate ; head convex, deeply inserted in the thorax ; clypeus narrowed at base, apical margin arcuate ; thorax a little wider than long ; elytra striate, their spaces ob- tuse ; prosternal sutures straight, divergent, propleural triangle but little longer than wide and with a slight anteianal depression in front ; metathoracic epistcrna parallel, the epimera not visible ; hind coxal plates dilated within ; last ventral segment very obtuse at tip; legs moderate, tarsi filiform, the first joint of the posterior pair as long as the next three, the fourth not dilated nor lobed beneath : claws slender.
Hypocoelus is very closely related t<) Nematodes, and is distin- guished by the simple fourth tarsal joint and the very obtuse termi- nal ventral segment.
Two species are known in our fauna, separated as follows :
Terminal joint of the antennse very little longer than the preceding ; a distinct transverse ridge on the front, clypeus concave fi'ontosu!^.
Terminal joint of the antennje longer than the preceding, in the % as long as the ninth and tenth together ; front with a fine longitudinal carina, clypeus flat tei'iniiiali!^.
H. froiitONUS Say. — Form oblong, slightly attenuate posteriorly, piceous black, sulxipaque, clothed with fine yellowish cinereous pubescence ; antennae ferruginous, shorter than half the body, filiform, second joint shorter than the fourth, third longer, joints four to ten very gradually longer and slightly broader, eleventh oval, acute at tip, very little longer than the tenth ; head densely and rather roughly punctate, front with a distinct, transverse, slightly arcuate carina, beneath the front is slightly concave ; clypeus concave, narrower at base than the distance to the eyes ; prothorax a little wider than long, slightly narrower in front, sides straight and slightly convergent posteriorly, slightly arcuate at apical thii-d, hind angles acvite, not carinate, lateral margin entire ; disc convex, me- dian line distinctly impressed in its entire length and on each side in front of
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 45
base two vague impressions, surface very densely suhrugosely punctate ; elytra distinctly striate, the intervals flat, densely subrugosely punctate ; presternum opaque, very densely punctate, propleurse more coarsely, less densely punctate, more shining ; metasteruuni and abdomen more densely and less coarsely punc- tured than the propleurte ; legs ferruginous, femora darker. Length .18 -.22 inch; 4.5-5.5 mm.
In addition to the cliaracters of the table this species is distin- *iuished from terminaUs by the distinct median impressed line of the thorax.
Occurs in Canada, Pennsylvania and Missouri.
H. terniinalis Lee. — Form moderately elongate, slightly narrower behind, piceous black, subopaque, sparsely clothed with cinereous yellow pubescence ; antennte ferruginous, nearly as long as half the body, joints two and four nearly equal, third a little longer, joints four to ten very gradually longer and broader, the eleventh equal to ( 9 ) or longer than the two preceding ( o ) ; head convex, densely rugosely punctate, front finely carinate, the carina extending nearly to the occiput ; clypeus rather flat, narrower at base than the distance to the eyes ; thorax wider than long, gradually narrower in front, sides nearly straight, slightly arcuate near the front angles, disc moderately convex, densely subru- gosely punctate, median line feebly impressed at base, a slight rounded impres- sion on each side of the middle ; elytra striate, the intervals very slightly con- vex and densely rugosely punctate ; prothorax beneath opaque, the sides more coarsely punctate ; metasternum and abdomen rather densely finely punctate; legs brownish, femora darker. Length .16 inch ; 4 mm.
This species is usually smaller than the preceding and resembles it closely in facies. Specimens have been reared from small branches of Hickory.
Occurs in Canada.
S€HIZOPHIL,i;S Bonv.
Form oblong, subdepressed, slightly narrower posteriorly ; antennas much shorter than half the body, the outer joints subserrate, first joint stout, second one-third as long, third one-half longer than the second and nearly equal to the next two, joints four to ten very gradually longer and broader, eleventh one-half longer than the tenth, acute at tip ; head deeply inserted, but prominent in front ; clypeus broad at base, deeply obliquely impressed each side, truncate at middle, deeply sinuate each side so as to appear trilobed ; prothorax narrower in front, lateral margin entire, prosternal sutures straight well marked, slightly excavated in front as in Elater, prosternum slightly lobed in front, sinuate each side near the suture ; metasternal episterna parallel, the epimera invisible ; hind coxal plates broad, triangular ; legs moderate, tarsi slender, the fourth joint obliquely truncate, the first joint of the posterior pair as long as the next three; claws slender, slightly broader at base.
This genus is easily known from any other in our fauna by the form of the clypeus. But one species is known.
46 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
S. i^ubriiriis Eand. — Color pale ferruginous, feebly shining, very incon- spicuously pubescent; antennte passing slightly the hind angles of the thorax; head coarsely and densely punctured ; clypeus not wider at base than half the distance to the eye ; thorax as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, sides straight, arcuate at the front angles, hind angles acute, not carinate, disc moder- ately convex, a slight median deijression posteriorly, surface coai-sely and densely punctate ; elytra finely striate, the intervals flat, sub-biseriately rugosely punc- tate ; body beneath moderately densely punctate. Length .32 inch ; 8 mm.
This is rather an inconspicuous species, resembling, at first sight, some of the paler varieties of Dolopim lateraJis. It seems to be ex- tremely rare. I have seen but two specimens.
Occurs in Canada and New York.
EPIPHAXIS Esch.
Form rather elongate, parallel at middle, narrowed at each extremity ; antennae slender, not serrate, the last four joints abruptly longer, varying in length in the sexes, joints four to seven small, not hmger than wide ; clypeus arcuate in front, as wide at base as the distance to the eyes ; eyes i-ound, feebly prominent, limited in front by a slight groove ; prothorax wider than long, nai-rower in front ; scu- tellum truncate at tip ; prosternal sutures straight, well defined in their whole extent, the proijleurte vaguely grooved near the side margin, the marginal ridge acute and entire ; metathoracic episterna parallel, the epimera invisible ; hind coxal plates very broadly dilated internally, very narrow externally ; legs mod- erate, tarsi slender, the fourth joint obliquely truncate, but not lobed beneath; the first joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next three, claws broader at base.
From the description of the antennae Bonvouloir seems to have known only the female.
There is but one species known, and which seems very widely distributed.
E. eoriiiitns Esch. — Form elongate, parallel at middle, attenuate at either extremity, piceous, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with brownish pubescence ; antennfe ferruginous, a little longer than half the body % or shorter 9 ; head coarsely and densely punctured, carinate at middle, the carina more elevated in front ; prothorax wider than long, gradually arcuately narrowed in front, hind angles not carinate, disc convex, with a feeble median impression posteriorly, surface moderately, coarsely, but not densely punctured ; elytra .striate, intervals slightly convex, densely but not rugosely punctate ; body beneath more shining than above, rather finely, densely punctate, the propleural triangle comparatively smooth ; legs brownish. Length .14 - .24 inch ; 3.5-6 mm.
Male. — Antenna^ a little longer than half the body, second joint longer than the third, third nearly square, four to seven subequal, a little shorter than the third and broader than hmg, joint eight a little wider than the seventh and nearly as long as the preceding four, joints nine, ten and eleven .successively, a little longer.
Female. — Antennfe a little shorter than half the body, joints one to seven as in the male, joints eight, nine and ten equal, each equal to joints six to seven to- gether, joint eleven .slightly longer.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 47
- This insect resembles, at iii'st glance, some of our smaller Melanoti, and is easily known among all our Eucnemidae hy its antennal struc- ture and the frontal crest.
Occurs from Alaska to the mountain regions of Pennsylvania, also
in New Mexico.
PHL.EGON Laporte.
Form oblong, elongate ; autennse a little shorter than half the body, first joint moderately thick, second small, third shorter than half the tirst and nearly as long as the next two, fonr to eight small, but at least a little longer than wide, last three joints abruptly much longer and broader, the last joint longest; eyes round, moderately pi-omineut ; clyi)eus inflexed, rather broad at base, apical mar- gin entire, arcuate ; prothorax wider than long, lateral marginal line nearly en- tire, beneath without antennal grooves ; scutellum longer than wide, truncate at tij) ; elytra striate ; prosternum arcuate at tip, acute ; metathoracic episterna moderately wide, jjarallel, the epimera not visible ; posterior coxal plates very broad internally; tarsi slender, the first joint of the middle and posterior pairs as long as the next three, the joints not lobed beneath ; claws slender, simple.
In Bonvouloir's descri])tion the fourth joint is said to be " exca- vate-emarginate," which is not true of our species. Phlegon may be readily known by the suddenly elongate last three joints of the an- tennae.
Two species are known to me.
Thorax arcuately narrowed from base to apex ; hind coxal plates at the widest portion at least one-half as wide as the length from the side to the middle.
heterocerus.
Thorax parallel behind, sides arcuate in front ; hind coxal plates less than half the width of the coxa ITlkoi.
P. heterocerus Say. — Form oblong-elongate, a little more obtuse in front, gradually narrower posteriorly, ferruginous brown, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with fulvous pubescence ; autennte nearly reaching the middle of the body % , shorter 9 • tiead coarsely and densely punctured, front broadly im- pressed, a feeble impressed line on the vertex ; thorax one-third wider than long, arcuately narrower from base to apex, hind angles not carinate ; disc convex, a vague median impressed line posteriorly, surface with moderate punctuation, rather closely placed ; elytra narrower posteriorly, surface distinctly, but finely striate, the intervals slightly convex, densely punctate, the punctures finer than on the thorax but rougher ; body beneath more shining than above, punctuation, dense and rather fine. Length .40 - .44 inch ; 10-11 mm.
Male. — First joint of antenuse as long as the next three, second small, partly concealed behind the first, half as long as the third, third as long as the next two, which are nearly equal, six, seven and eight equal, quadrate, nine and ten equal, together as long as the preceding six, eleventh joint long, equal to the preceding two, obliquely impressed at its anterior two-thirds.
Female. — Joints one to eight as in the male, joints nine to eleven together a little longer than three to eight together, joints nine and ten broader and equal the tenth more slender and a little longer.
48 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The general aspect of this insect is that of some of our brown Ehiters. As will be seen above the sexes are quite different in the form of the antennae ; the male seems rare.
Occurs in jNIaryland, Pennsylvania and Indiana (Say).
P. Ullcei n. sp. — Form oblong, parallel, equally obtuse before and behind, dark brown, moderately shining, sparsely clothed with short fulvous pubescence ; antennae shorter than half the body 9 ; head coarsely and densely punctured, front slightly depressed, a feeble impressed vertical line ; thorax one-foui-th wider than long, sides behind straight and parallel, apical third arcuate, hind angles not carinate ; disc convex, a feeble median impressed line, nearly obliter- ated at middle, surface moderately punctured, densely toward the sides and base, more sparsely at middle ; elytra parallel, obtuse at apex, narrowing at apical fourth, distinctly finely striate, the intervals flat, densely punctate, the punctures finer than on the thorax, but not rugose; body beneath densely and rather finely punctate. Length .38 - .40 inch ; 9.5-1(1 mm.
Male. — Antennse with first joint as long as the next three, second small, partly concealed behind the first, half as long as the third, third equal to the next two, which are equal .sixth, seventh and eighth a little shorter, equal, ninth equal to sixth, seventh and eighth together, tenth shorter than the ninth, the eleventh longer.
Female. — Third joint of antennse nearly as long as the next two, fourth and fifth equal, sixth, seventh and eighth subequal, longer than wide, each a little shorter than the fifth joint, ninth broader than the eighth and as long as the three preceding, tenth a little shorter, eleventh longer and more slender than the ninth.
Broader and more obtuse than heterocerus, with finer punctuation and pubescence, and with narrower hind coxal plates. .Occurs in Ohio ; given me by Mr. Ulke.
CRYPTOSTOMA Latr.
Form oblong, parallel ; antennse varying in the sexes ; head rather deeply in- sei'ted, eyes transverse ; clypeus narrowed at base, narrower than the distance to the eyes, apical margin broadly arcuate, mandibles presenting a narrow face ex- ternally ; prothorax a little wider than long, lateral margin distinct in its entire length ; scutellum oval ; elytra striate ; prosternal sutures straight, well defined, very slightly divergent, propleural region triangular, the apex truncate, not sul- cate for the antennse ; metasternal episterna moderately wide, parallel, the epimera not visible ; hind coxal plates gradually but widely dilated internally ; legs moderate ; tansi slender, the first joint as long as the next three, the fourth simple, claws simple.
The only genera in our fauna to which this is allied are Anelastes and Phlegon, from either of which it may be so easily known as not to require special comparison here.
One species is known to me, and the specimen is a female, and the following description of the antenna) applies to that sex alone :
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 49
C Dohriii Horn. — Oltlons, moderately elongate, parallel, equally obtuse at either extremity, color bright blood red, elytra black, a humeral spot and the apical fifth red, beneath red, sides of body and abdomen black, surface finely pubescent, the pubescence similar in color to the surface ; antennae piceous, the basal joint red, not passing the hind angles of the thorax, first .joint stout, equal- ling the next two, second small, partly concealed, third nearly as long as the next two, four to eight equal in length, very gradually shorter, nine to eleven a little wider, the last joint abruptly truncate ; head moderately convex, coarsely and closely punctate, a vague triangular flattening above the base of the clypeus; thorax a little wider than long, sides parallel at basal third, then arcuately nar- rowing to the front, hind angles very little prolonged, not carinate, disc moder- ately convex, a transverse, slightly oblique depres.sion on each side near the middle, another on each side beginning at the base opposite the middle of each elytron extending in an arcuate manner forward and outward, surface densely and moderately coarsely punctate ; elytra striate, the .strise entire except the second and third, distinctly punctate intervals flat, slightly convex near the base, densely and slightly roughly punctate ; body beneath nearly equally i)unctate throughout, the punctures not dense ; legs red. Length .60 inch ; 15 mm.
Ill the other species of the genus the anteiiiic\3 are otherwise con- structed in the male, the third joint liaving a lobe or process near the base.
This species is the only brightly colored form in our fauna. The specimen in my cabinet was given me by Dr, C. A. Dolirn, who pos- sesses another, which was said to have been collected at San Diego, CaL, but as I have found at least one other species in the same lot from Yucatan, this species may be from that region.
A]VEL.ASTE!li Kby.
Form oblong, convex, slightly narrower behind ; autenuse extending very little beyond the hind angles of the thorax, joints four to teu short, nearly equal, sub- moniliform, the last joint a little longer, abruptly acuminate at tip ; head deeply inserted, eyes entire, not very convex , clypeus short, arcuate in front, much narrower at base than the distance to the eyes; prothorax broader than long, slightly narrower in front, sides arcuate, lateral margin indistinct; .scutellum triangular, obtuse at tip ; propectus without antennal grooves, prosternal sutures straight behind, arcuate near the front ; prosternum rather broad between the coxaj, obtuse at tip ; metasternal epi-sterna broad, slightly narrower in front ; hind coxal plates extremely narrow externally, rectangularly dilated at inner third ; legs moderate, tibiae slightly broader at tip ; tarsi slender, not lobed be- neath, first joint of the posterior pair equal to the next two, claws slender.
One species is known in our fauna.
A. Druryi Kirby. — Castaneous or rufo-ferruginous, opaque or very feebly shining, sparsely clothed with almost imperceptible brown pubescence; head finely but not densely granulate, front with a finely imjiressed line ; thorax broader than long, but variable in its extent, slightly narrower in front, sides arcuate, but variably sinuate in front of the hind angles, which are slightly di-
TEANS. AMEE. ENT. SOC. (7) FEBETJABY, 1886.
50 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
vergent, not carinate ; disc convex, a median impressed line more distinct poste- riorly, surface granulate, but not densely ; elytra deeply jiunctato-striate, inter- vals convex, finely punctate and granular near the base ; body beneath densely, very finely punctate, the sides of the propectus granular. Length .34 - .50 inch ; 8.5-12.5 mm.
Male. — Posterior '.tibia? fimbriate with rather long yellowish hairs at apical third of inner edge ; first joint of hind tarsi fimbriate beneath.
Female. — Posterior tibise^aud tarsi not fimbriate.
There is considerable variation in form, size and color in this in- sect, and specimens often occur with four depressions on the disc of thorax. It is absolutely impossible to distinguish two species in our fauna.
Bonvouloir mentions the occurrence of a specimen in Astrabad which he cannot distinguish from ours, and the differences given to separate barbarus seem more forced than real.
Occurs from Vancouver eastward to Canada and in the Atlantic region as far south as Georgia.
CEROPHYTIN.E.
Head flat above, front gibbous, slightly prominent ; clypeus inflexed, mouth inferior , antennae, iiectinate in the males, strongly serrate in the female ; elytra wider at base than the thorax ; anterior coxal cavities narrowly open behind, the posterior coxae depressed without plates, the trochanters rather long, claws pecti- nate at base.
Bonvouloir correctly remarks that the curious characters of the genus Cerophytum have caused some discussion on the position it should occupy. He admits it among the Eucnemides, but as a dis- tinct group. Lacordaire (Genera iv, p. 244) makes it the type of a distinct family, which he places between the Cebrionides and Rhipi- cerides. In this I think Lacordaire more nearly correct than Bon- vouloir, at the same time a relationship seems to exist with the Das- cyllidse, especially the ti'ibe Artematopini {Macropogo^iini Lee.)
One genus is known.
CEROPHYTlIfl Latr.
Eyes large, round, prominent ; labrum not visible ; mandibles slender, arcuate, prominent, acute at tip; last joint of maxillary jialpi securiform ; thorax trans- verse, the hind angles slightly prominent, the lateral margin very obtuse ; scutel- lum triangular ; prosternum lobed in front, the sutures simple, slightly arcuate, but not divergent in front, the apical process imperfectly received in the excava- tion of the mesosternum ; metasternal episterna gradually wider behind, epimera not visible ; posterior coxfe on the same plane as the ventral segments, the outer extremity in contact with the elytra ; legs moderate, the anterior femora grooved
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 51
on the lower edge for the tihiaj, the trochanters of the anterior legs small, of the middle longer, of the posterior nearly as long as the femur ; tibise slender, the spurs distinct ; tarsi not elongate, rather flat, the first joint of the posterior pair as long as the next three, the fourth excavate-emarginate, claws ]K;ctinate in their basal half; body alate.
The two species in our fauna may be distinguished in the following manner :
Antennte pectinate 2
Autennffi serrate 3
2. — The pectination beginning on the third joint ]>uI»$atOi* %
The pectination beginning on the fourth joint coiivoxicolle %
3. — Third joint of antennse a little longer than the fourth i>ul!>»ator 9
Third joint as long as the next two coiivexicolle f
In addition it will be observed that the claws are thicker at base in j)idmt(rr, and the pectinations numerous, while in convexlcolle the claws are slender and pectinations not more than two or three.
C pulsator Hald. — Oblong, moderately convex, black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with short cinereous pubescence; antennse piceous, a little shorter than half the body ; head densely punctate, rugose ; clypeus narrower at ))ase, obtusely elevated along its middle ; thorax very much broader than long, sides strongly arcuate in front, slightly convergent posteriorly, the hind angles slightly everted, disc convex, coarsely and densely punctured ; elytra wider at base than the thorax, the humeri distinct but obtuse, sides parallel, arcuately narrowing at apical third, disc moderately convex, deeply striate, the striae coarsely and closely punctate, intervals flat, densely punctate and slightly rugose ; body beneath densely and rather finely punctate, finely pubescent, metasternum more coarsely punctate ; legs piceous, tarsi ferruginous. Length .28 -.34 inch; 7-8.5 mm.
Male. — First joint of antennse stout, second small, triangular, joints three to ten subequal, each with a clavate branch arising from the ba.se in front, that from the third a little shorter than the others, eleventh joint clavate, a little longer than the jireceding two.
Female. — First joint stout, .second small, third longer than the fourth, joints four to ten dentate within, the eleventh joint a little longer than the tenth.
Occurs from Pennsylvania to Illinois and North Carolina ; very rare.
C OOiivexicolle Lee. — Oblong, moderately elongate, black, subopaque, very sparsely cinereous pubescent ; antennse shorter than half the body, piceous ; head coarsely, densely punctate ; clypeus narrow at base, obtusely carinate along the middle ; thorax much broader than long, sides in front arcuate, posteriorly slightly convergent, the hind angles slightly i^romiuent, disc convex, coarsely, densely and subrugosely punctured ; elytra wider at base than the thorax, the humeri distinct but rounded, sides parallel, arcuately narrowing at apical third, disc moderately convex, strise not dee]), coarsely and closely punctate, the inter- vals flat, finely but not densely punctured, slightly wrinkled transversely ; body beneath more shining, the punctuation rather fine but not dense, coarser on the prosternum ; legs brownish. Length .26 -.28 inch; 6.5-7 mm.
52 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
3Ifile. — First joint of antennae stout, second small, third longer than the fol- lowiuo;, triangular, the apical angle very slightly prolonged, joints four to ten with a branch of clavate form arising from the base of each, eleventh joint mod- erately elongate, clavate.
Female. — First joint stout, second small, third elongate, triangular, nearly as long as the next two, joints four to ten broader than long, serrate within, joint eleven elongate oval, ^obtuse at tip and not as long as the preceding two.
This species closely resembles the preceding, but is more elongate, the elytra! striae less deep, and the intervals less densely punctured. The structure of the antennj^ will readily distinguish the two species.
Of this species I have seen but two specimens, the male collected by Dr. Schaum near Sacramento, now in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte, a female collected by myself at Fort Tejon, California.
PEROTHOPIN.E.
Head moderately convex, front slightly narrowed by the insertion of the an- tennse under distinct supra-antennal ridges; labrum short, transverse, connate with the front, the suture almost entirely obliterated, the clypeus very short, as in Elateridae ; mandibles acute, arcuate, fimbriate on the outer side; prosteruum slightly lobed in fnmt, the mucro short ; hind coxse. laminate, claws pectinate.
The difficulties which authors have realized in dealing with Pero- thops have already been alluded to. I can only repeat what I have elsewhere pulilished that the genera Eucnemis, Elater, Cebrio, Pero- thops and Cerophytum do not represent such different types of struc- ture as to require them to be made separate families. They are indeed very closely related, and the discussion which has prevailed is indicative of that fact. That they differ sufficiently to be separated in groups of less than a family value is evident, but they should be associated as modifications of one type, and for that aggregation I prefer the name Elateridae.
In Perothops the structure of the front of the head is 2)ractically the same as in Cebrio. In both the clypeus is quite short as in Elateridae, and to its front margin is fixed the labrum, short and transverse, immovable in both. The suture is very distinct in Cebrio, but almost obliterated in Perothops, W'here it is only visible in imma- ture specimens, or those softened with solution of caustic potassa.
In the Eucnemides, however, the clypeus is of different form and the suture between it and the front is a short distance below the nar- rowest part between the antennae, while the labrum is at most very small and retracted, practically invisible Avith very rare exception.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 58
In both Perothops and Ceropliytuni the claws are pectinate, while in all the genera of Eucneniides they are either simple or at most broadly toothed at base.
PEROTHOPS Eiichs.
Head moderately convex, clypeus short not inflexed, the labriim continuous and connate with it ; mandibles prominent, arcuate, acute at tip, ciliate exter- nally ; eyes oval, moderately prominent, entire ; maxillary palpi moderately long, the last joint securiform; antennse slightly narrowing the front, arising under rather prominent ridges, the first joint elongate conical, second one-third as long, obconical, third two-thirds as long, fourth longer than second, joints four to eleven differing in the two species, the eleventh truncate at tip ; thorax broader than long, the lateral margin indistinct, hind angles not prolonged ; scutellum oval ; elytra striate ; prosternum slightly lobed in front, the mucro short, the sutures straight, slightly divergent; mesosternal side pieces diagonally divided, equal ; metasternal episternum moderate, parallel : hind coxfe with plates broader internally ; legs moderate, tibia? slightly broader at tip, the spurs small ; tarsi shorter than the tibiae, slightly compressed, the joints obliquely truncate at tip, joints one to four gradually shorter, the first, however, stouter, especially on the posterior pair, claws pectinate their entire length ; body winged.
Two species are known to me in our fauna.
Lateral marginal line of thorax visible only near the hind angles; antennal ridges transverse, not meeting on the front ; hind coxal plates more abruptly dilated internally and wider; joints four to nine of antennje gradually longer, ten to eleven equal and a little shorter luticicla.
Lateral marginal line of thorax visible from the hind angles half way to the front ; antennal ridges oblique, meeting on the front ; hind coxal plates very gradually broader internally ; joints four to eleven of antennse equal in length.
Wittieki.
In both species the antennae are slightly flattened externally.
While there are but two species above, a third is in the " Cata- logus" credited to California, and which is figured by Lacordaire ( Atl. ])1. 41, fig. 8), but not described, under the name cervina. This does not bear the remotest resemblance to either of our species, and I think there must be some error on the part of Lacordaire, as the species mentioned in the Dejean catalogue (third ed. p. 99) is prob- ably our common mi(eida sent to him by Ma_i. LeConte. That cervina Dej. is mucida Gyll. was also the opinion of Erichson (Germ. Zeitschr. iii, p. 117).
P. iunei<la Gyll. — Form oblong, parallel, piceous % or ferruginous brown 9 , feebly shining, sparsely clothed with cinereous pubescence ; head moderately convex, the punctuation intermixed, the coarse sparse, the fine dense; antennae as long as half the body % , a little shorter 9 ; thorax wider than long, narrower in front, the sides feebly arcuate % , or more strongly J . with a slight sinuation
54 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
in front of the hind angles which are subacute, the lateral margin extremely feeble and slightly inferior ; disc convex, a feeble depression of the median line posteriorly, the surface with an inconspicuous intermixed punctuation, somewhat rugose at the sides ; elytra striate, striaj iiunctate, intervals flat and equal 'J, , or alternately slightly narrower and more convex 9 » the surface inconspicuously finely punctate, with somewhat coarser punctures intermixed ; body beneath very finely and moderately densely punctate, with slightly larger punctures inter- mixed, which are larger on the sides of prothorax ; legs similar in color to the surface. Length .42 - .80 inch ; 10.5-20 mm.
In addition to the fine pubescence there are s])arsely placed, serai- erect, short hairs. The males are known by their usually darker color, more slender form, antenna? longer, and the elytral intervals equal.
Occurs from Pennsylvania to Florida.
P. Wittifisi Lee. — Form oblong, parallel, rather robust, piceous or brownish, clothed with fine yellowish cinereous sericeous pubescence; antennae nearly as long as half the body % , a little shorter 9 ; head coarsely, sparsely punctate, with fine punctures between, front vaguely longitudinally impressed, supra-an- tennal ridges nearly transverse, united across the front ; thorax much wider than long, narrower in front, sides strongly arcuate, slightly sinuate in front of the hind angles which are subacute, lateral margin distinct from the hind angles two-thirds to apex ; disc very convex, median line slightly impressed posteriorly, surface not densely punctate, the intermediate finer punctuation very indistinct ; elytra very little wider at base than the thorax, parallel, narrower at apical third, striate, strife indistinctly punctate, the intervals slightly convex equal, sparsely punctate, the finer intermediate punctuation almost obsolete ; body beneath densely finely punctured with coarser punctures sparsely placed, which are coarser on the prosternum, the pubescence fine, silken and moderately dense ; legs similar in color to the body. Length .62 - .80 inch ; 15.5 - 20 mm.
This species greatly resembles muclda; it has, however, a more robust facies, the pubescence is closer and more silken. The most obvious structural differences are those given in the table.
Occurs in the middle reirion of California.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 55
Synonymy and Bibliography.
EUCNEMIN.E.
MEIiASIS Oliv.
Olivior, Entom. ii, 30.
M. pectinicomis Mels., Proc. Acad, ii, p. 148 ; Lee, Traus. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p.
411 ; Bouv., Moil. p. 92, pi. 4, fig. 5. M. rufipennis n. sp.
THAKOPS Cast.
Castelnau, Silberm. Eev. Eiit. iii, p. 168. T. ruficornis Say {Melasls), Jouru. Acad, iii, p. 166 ; edit. Lee, ii, pp. 107 and 626 ; Lee, loc. cit. p. 411 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 106, pi. 5, fig. 2. obliqua Say (Eucuemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 187 ; edit. Lee, ii, p. 626 ; Lee, loc. cit. p. 412 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 105, pi. 5, fig. 1. T. nubila Bouv., Mon. p. 108, pi. 5, fig. 3.
DE]VDROCHARIS Guei.
Gueriu, Ann. Ent. Soe de Fr. 1843, p. 193.
D flavicornis Guer., Ann. Ent. Soe Fr. 1843, p. 193, pi. vi, figs. 60 and 61 ; Lee,
(Galba) loc. cit. p. 418; Bonv., Mon. p. 802, pi. 38, fig. 7.
STKTHON Lee
LeConte, Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 386. S. pectorosus Lee, loc. cit. p. 386; Bonv., Mon. p. 146, pi. 6, fig. 5. S. errans n. sp.
EIICXE.HIS Ahreus. Ahrens, Neue Schr. Gesell. Halle, ii, 2, 40.
E. americana n. sp.
DEETO.^IETOPUS Bonv.
Bonvouloir, Monog. des Eucnemides, p. 171. D. amoenicornis Say (Eucnemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 189; edit. Lee, ii, p. 628; Lee, Proe Acad. 1852, p. 48; Tran.s. Am. Philos. Soe x, p. 418; Bonv., Mon. p. 182, pi. 7, fig. 5 ? . 8 '^ • clypeatus f Say {Elater), Ann. Lye i, p. 266; edit. Lee, i, p. 399 ; Lee, Trans.
Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 417. f monilicornis Mann., (Eucnemis) Eiicn. gen. ins. p. 26, pi. 2, fig. 1 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 876. D. rufipes Mels., (Dirhagus) Proc. Acad. 2, p. 150; Lee, (Fornax) List, p. 44; Bonv., Mon. p. 878.
l>KO:»I.EOEl IS Kies. Kiesenwetter, Naturg. der Ins. Deutschl. iv, p. 197. D. californicus Bonv., Mon. p. 890. D. se.iunctus Bonv., Mon. p. 266, pi. 12, fig. 3. D. salsus Bonv., Mon. p. 267. D. nitens n. sp. D. basalis Lee, (Fornax) Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 387; Bonv., Mou. p. 888.
56 OEO. H. HORN, M. D.
D. striatus Lee, (Fornax) Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 47; Trans. Am. Pliilos. Soc. x, p.
417 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 253, pi. 22, fig. 6. D. Harringtoni n. sp.
D. cylindricoUis Say (Eucnemis), Traus. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 188 ; edit. Lee, ii, p. 627; Lee, {Fornax) Traus. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 417; Bonv., Mou. p. 250, pi. 11, fig. 4. D. Marseuli Bonv., Mon. p. 2(38, pi. 12, fig. 4. D. pusillus u. sp.
FORXAX Cast. Castelnau, Silberm. Ecv. Ent. iii, p. 172. F. badius Mels., (Dlrliagus) Proc. Acad, ii, p. 150; Lee, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. X, p. 416; Bonv., Mon. p. 339, pi. 15, fig. 6. novil'ms Bonv., (Dromseohis) Mon. j). 270. F. Hornii Bonv., Mon. p. 891.
F. calceatus Say (Eucnemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 188; edit. Lee, ii, p. 626 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 406, pi. 20, fig. 4. spretus Lee, (Isarthrus) Proe Acad. 1852, p. 48; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 417. F. bicolor Mels., (Hylocharus?) Proe Acad, ii, p. 149.
luridus Chev., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1867, p. 592; Bonv., Mon. p. 490, pi. 20, fig. 1. F. molestus Bonv., Mon. p. 376, pi. 18, fig. 4.
F. orchesides Newm., (Onychodon) Ent. Mag. v, p. 384; Lee, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. X, p. 416; Bonv., Mon. p. 377, pi. 18, fig. 5. hicolor X Lee, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 416. F. infelix n. sp.
PH.E^VOCEKrS Bonv. Bonvouloir, Monog. des Eucnemides, p. 285. P. americanus Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 147.
ADELiOTIIYKKl S Bonv. Bonvouloir, Monog. des Eucnemides, p. 609. A. Dejeani Bonv., Mou. p. 617, pi. 30. fig. 3.
.fllCRORHAGl S Esch. Eschscholtz, Silberm. Eev. Ent. iv, table. M, pectinatus Lee, Proe Acad. 1866, p. 387; Bonv., Mon. p. 535. M. audax \\. sp. M. imperfectus Lee, Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 48 ; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 419 ;
Bonv., ISIoH. p. 545, pi. 26, fig. 3. M. subsinuatus Lee, Proe Acad. 1852, p. 48; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 419; Bonv., Mon. p. 547. Iiiiiniiulnris ij Harris (Eucnemis), Trans. Hartf. Soc. X. H. ]>. 72. M. oblitus Bonv., Mon. p. 5i52.
M. triangularis Say (Elater), Journ. Acad, iii, ]). 170; edit. Lee, ii. p. 110; (Euc- nemis) Say. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 189; edit. Lee. ii, p. 628; Lee, Trans. Am. Philos. Sue x, p. 419; Bonv., Mon. p. 551, pi. 26, fig. 6. M. impressicoUis Bonv., Mon. p. .599, pi. 29, fig. 5. m.ucidas 9 Bonv., Mon. p. 593.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 57
M. Bonvouloiri Horn. humeralis | Bonv., Mon. p: 607, pi. 29, fig. 8. arduus J Bonv., in cab. Salle. M. humeralis Say (Eucnemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 189; edit. Lee, ii, p. 628 ; Harris, Trans. Hartf. Soc. N. H. p. 72 ; Lee, Proc. Acad, vi, p. 48 ; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. s, p. 420. meticulosus Bonv., Mon. p. 604, pi. 29, fig. 6.
EIVTOMOPHTHAI.IIIIS Bonv. Bonvouloir, Monog. des Eucnemides, p. 51.3. E. rufiolus Lee, (Microrhagns) Pi-oc. Acad. 1866, p. 387 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 523. pallciis Bonv., Mon. p. 518.
XYI.OBIITS Latr. Latrcillc, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 1834, p. 124. X. cylindriformis Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1871, p. 341.
HYL,OCII\RES Latr. Latreille, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 18.34, p. 127.
H. nigricornis Say {Melasis), Journ. Acad, iii, i>. 165; edit. Lee, ii, p. 107; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 47; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 413; Bonv., Mon. p.
770, pi. 36, fig. 3.
SARPEDOIV Bonv.
Bonvouloir, Monog. des Eucnemides, p. 774.
S. scabrosus Bonv., Mon. p. 774, p\. 37, fig. 5.
lVEMATOI>ES Latr.
Latreille, Fam. Nat. p. 248. N. atropos Say (Eucnemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 187; edit. Lee, ii, p.
626; Lee, (Emnthion) Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 47; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p.
414 ; [Nematodes) List, p. 44 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 657, pi. 31, fig. 6. N. penetrans Lee, {Emathion) Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 47; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x,
p. 414; {Nematodes) List, p. 44; Bonv., Mon. p. 666, pi. 32, fig. 2. N. punctatus Lee, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 404. N. pavidus n. sp. N. teres n. sp.
HYPOC'CEEITS Esch.
Eschscholtz, Silberm. Rev. Ent. iv, table. H. frontosus Say (Eucnemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 187; edit. Lee, ii, p. 625; Lee, (Emathion) Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 414; (Nematodes) List, p. 44; (Hypoccelus) Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 388; Bonv., Mon. p. 697. canalinddiHS Lee, (Epiphanis) Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 46. H. terminalis Lee, Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 387; Bonv., Mon. p. 698.
iSCHIZOPHIErS Bonv.
Bonvouloir, Monog. des Eucnemides, p. 708. S. subrufus Rand., (Eucnemis) Bost. Journ. N. H. ii, p. 38; Bonv., Mon. p. 709. simplex Lee, (Nematodes) Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 388. trilobatus Bonv., Mon. pi. 34, fig. 5.
TEANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (8) FEBETIARY, 1886.
58 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
EPIPHANIS Esch.
Eschsclioltz, Zool. Atl. i, p. 10.
E. cornutus Esch. Thon. Arch, ii, p. .35; Zool. Atl. i, p. 10; Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, p. 2H8 ; Lee, Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 388 ; Lacord., Atl. pi. 40, fig. 4 ; Bonv., Men. p. 705, pi. 34, fig. 3. cristatm Lee, Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 46 ; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 415.
PHL,E<iO.\^ Cast. Castelnau. Hist. Nat. Col. i, p. 254.
P. heterocerus Say (Eucnemis), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vi, p. 186; edit. Lee, ii, p. 624; Lee, [Euryptyclms) Proc. Acad. 1852, p. 46; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. X, p. 415 ; (Phlegon) List, p. 44; Bonv., Mon. p. 747, pi. 36, fig. 3.
P. Ulkei n. sp.
€R\PTOSTO.^IA Latr.
Latreille, Fam. Nat. p. 348.
C. Dohrni Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1878, p. 54; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1882, pi. vi, fig. 13.
ANEEASTES Kby.
Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii, p. 384.
A. Druryi Kby., Trans. Linn. Soc. xii, p. 384; Guerin-Men., Ann. Ent. Soc Fr. 1843, p. 177; Lee, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 413 ; Bonv., Mon. p. 713. hrunnem Latr., {Hilenus) Ann. Ent. Soc Fr. 1834, p. 129. erosus Say [Elater), Ann. Lye i, p. 258; edit. Lee, i, p. 393. Latreillei Lee, Proc Acad. 18.52, p. 47; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc x, p. 413 ; Bonv., Men., p. 713, pi. 34, fig. 7.
CEROPHYTIN.^.
CEROPHYTITM Latr.
Latreille. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv, 375.
C. pulsator Hald., (Chorea) Proc. Acad, iii, p. 150; Lee, ( CerophytHm) Proc. Acad.
vi, p. 2.30; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. x, p. 421; Bonv., Mon. p. 81. C. convexicolle Lee. Proc. Acad. 1867. p. 383: B(mv.. Mon. p. 83.
PEROTHOPIN^,
PEROTHOPS Erichs.
Erichison, Germ. ZeiLschr. iii, p. 116.
P. mucida Gyll., [Elater) Schonh. Syn. Ins. iii, app. ]). 133; Erichs. loc cit. p. 117; Lee, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc x, p. 424. muscidus Say [Elater), Ann. Lye i, p. 256; (Encnemis) Trans. Am. Philos. Soc
vi, p. 186 ; edit. Lee, ii. p. 624. nnicolor Say [Elater), loc. cit.; {Euaieitiis) loc. cit.; edit. Lee, ii. p. 624. P. Witticki Lee, Pacific R. R. Rcj). 47th i)ir. Ins. p. 45. pi. i. fig. 18.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 59
Synopsis of* the ^^ortlt Aiiiericaii Siib-raiuilies and Genera of CYXIPID^E.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.
Family— CYNIPIDJE.
Head generally (<niall, transverse ; labruni very minute ; mandi- bles short, robust, toothed ; maxillary palpi -Vjointed, labial palpi 2 to 4-)ointed ; antennae slender, filiform, or sub-filiform, inserted on the middle of face, 12 to 16-jointed ; thorax generally thick, oval; scutellum large, variable ; wings with few nervures, anterior pair with seldom more than three or four cells, posterior pair with but a single thickened vein, occasionally apterous ; abdomen petiolate or sub-ses- sile, oval, elongate Qval or compressed, and usually with the second or third segment the largest ; ovipositor spiral, hidden within two sheaths or plates ; legs ordinary.
Classificaiion of ihe North Americroi Species.
Authors are by no means agreed in their arrangement of the com- plexity of forms recognized as Cynips, and in the present essay will be found a new classification, in accordance with what seems to me the most natural method and for which I am alone responsible.
The forms peculiar to our fauna seem naturally to divide into two sections, distinguishable from each other by venation and ventral charactei's as follows :
Section I, Gymxogastri. — Venter visible, or visible for moi'e than half its length ; radial area long and narrow.
Section II, C-ryptogastri. — Venter not visible, or with the tip alone occasionally exposed ; radial area an equilateral triangle.
The first section includes the true gall makers or Psenides, the guest flies or Inqul/ines, and the peculiar genus Ihalia.
Their habits as far as known are phytophagous, although the Ibalite are supposed to be parasitic on wood-boring larvae, and by some authors are placed with the Figltides. Their characters, how- ever, place them naturally with the phytophagic Cynipidse.
In the second section are included all the parasitic Cynips or Figi- f!flp.<< : all are strictly entomophagous.
60 W. H. ASHMEAD.
The North American Cymphlse may be divided into five sub-fiimi- lies of nearly equal value, distinguished by characters given in the following table :
Synoptic Table of the Sub-families.
Section I.— GYMNOGASTRI Ashmead.
* Radial area long and narrow.
A. — Radial area closed ; abdomen cultTiform, segments about equal ; venter
visible Sub-family I, IbaliinjE.
AA. — Radial area seldom closed ; second abdominal segment occupying half, or but little more than half the whole surface of abdomen ; venter visible.
Sub-family II, Cynipin^. AAA. — Radial area seldom open ; second abdominal segment occupying the whole or nearly the whole surface ; venter not visible its whole length.
Sub-family III, Inquilin^.
Section II.— CRYPTOGASTRI Ashmead.
** Radial area an equilateral triangle.
B. — Abdomen short, globose, or semi-globose ; second abdominal segment longer than the others ; scutellum round, convex.
Sub-family IV, Allotriin^.
BB. — Abdomen elongate ovate, compressed, with apex more or less pointed ; third alidominal segment the largest ; scutellum quadrate, cupuliform or spined Sub-family V, FiGlTlN^.
Section I.— GYMNOGASTRI Ashmead.
Sub-family I. — Ibaliin.e.
This group contains one genus, easily recognized bv the following- characters :
Abdomen cultriform with all the segments about equal, fifth segment in 9 being much larger than in % ; wings with the veins more strongly devel- oped than in any other of the Cynipidous groups ; radial area very long, narrow and closed ; antennae filiform, 9 13, % 15-jointed.
(1) Ibalia Latreille.
Sub-family II — CH'nipin^t:.
To this grou]) belong the true gall makers ; they produce galls or abnormal deformations and excrescences on various trees and plants ; the oak-rose and bramble being particularly subject to their attacks.
It is by far the largest and best known of the different groups, nearly one hundred species having already been described in the North American fauna, which rei)resent thirteen genera.
The genera may be separated with the aid of the following table :
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 61
Synoptic Table of the Genera.
A. — Radial area open.
a.— Pavapsidal grooves distinct, extending the whole length of mesoscutuni. h. — Thorax not very robust.
c— Species naked, or not very hairy, d. — Species shining.
Scutellum with one large fovea across base, radial vein strongly curved and incrassated at tip; antennae longer than body, filiform; third joint one-third longer than fourth, in % excised, joints long, cylin- drical, small at base, gradually thickened and truncate at tip ; 9 13,
% 1.5-jointed (1) Belonociieiiia Mayr.
(Dryorhisoxenus Ashm.)
Scutellum bifoveate ; radial vein almost straight, ending some distance from costal edge; third abdominal segment but slightly shorter than second ; antennte reach the base of abdomen, flagellar joints cylin- drical oval, 9 13-14, % 14-jointed (3) Diastropliiis Hartig.
Scutellum with two shallow transverse fovese ; wings long, radial vein reaching costal edge, tip slightly bent and obtusely thickened (agamic form with long hairs on antennse, legs and thorax) ; petiole in % long; antenn*. subfiliform, long, third joint but slightly lon- ger than fourth. 9 13-14, t) 15-jointed.
(13) Dryophaiita Forster.
Scutellum with a deep transverse suture, no foveas ; abdomen greatly
compressed, knife-edged below ; ventral valve long ; antenna? 9
14-jointed '^) "Tribalia Walsh.
Scutellum inflated, fovese shallow and almost confluent; antenna?, third joint shorter than fourth, % 13-jointed.
(4) *AntistropIius Walsh.
dd. — Species punctate.
Scutellum with two fovea? ; radial vein reaching, or not quite reaching costal edge, tip thickened, obtuse; antenna: third joint in 9 twice or one-third longer than fourth, joints beyond eighth oval, cylindrical, or beyond fourth very short ; in % long, cylindrical, or oval cylindrical 9 12-15, % 14-16-jointed.
(7) AiKlrifUS Hartig. f.— Claws with one tooth; autenna>, third joint in % twice or one- third longer than fourth, others long, subequal ; in % third joint excised, beyond fourth very short.
Sub-genus C'allirhytis Forster.
tt-- Claws with two teeth; antenna?: third joint one-third longer
than fourth, joints to eighth long, cylindrical, subequal, following
joints short Sub-genus An<lricus Hartig.
■'■■ These two genera are unknown to me in nature, and the characters are taken from the author's descriptions.
H2 W. H. ASHMEAD.
Scutellum (apterous form) with one fovea; liead much broader than thorax, wide back of eyes; abdomen lai-ge and long, with third, fourth, fifth and sixtli segments subequal ; antennse with joints beyond third short, cylindrical, small at base, truncate at tip, somewhat serrate ; (winged form) radial area quite narrow, with the radial vein barely reaching costal edge ; antennse longer and much more slender than in the wingless form, third joint in %, greatly excised, following joints short, 9 14, % 15-jointed.
(10) Biorliiza Westwood. cc. — Species very hairy.
Scutellum rounded, as broad as long, depressed at base with two small approximate fovete ; wings long, radial vein reaching costal edge ; anteunje short, third joint but slightly longer than fourth, eighth and beyond cylindrical oval, 9 13- 14-jointed.
(S) C'ynips Linnaeus. Scutellum rounded, without fovea', or with a poorly defined one ; head very narrow back of eyes ; radial vein barely reaches costal edge, tip obtuse ; eyes small ; legs very hairy, third parapsidal groove wanting; antennse long, slender, third joint but slightly longer than fourth, others long, subequal to seventh, following short, J
13-14-joiuted • (12) Holeaspis Mayr.
aa. — Parapsidal grooves wanting, or very indistinct, not extending the whole length of mesonotum. bb. — Thorax narrow, head full behind the eyes. Species smooth.
Scutellum without fovese and ending in a blunt horn ; forms apterous, or with rudimentary wings ; antennaj 9 14-jointed.
(9) Acraspis Mayr. Scutellum with a transverse curved groove at base, no fove?e ; face full, cheeks with a distinct groove ; antennae : third joint in 9 loug, slender, cylindrical, others long, cylindrical oval, subecjual ; in % third joint thickened, excised, following joints short, 9 13, % 15- jointed (11) Lioxaulis Mayr.
bbb. — Thorax robust, bulging. Species rugose, not very hairy.
Scutellum quadrate, elevated posteriorly, bifoveate ; abdomen globose ; radial vein acuminate, ending some distance from costal edge ; wings black, or with a large blotch at base of radial area ; antennge short, third joint nearly twice as long as fourth, others short, cylindrical,
9 13-14, % 15-jointed (6) Aiiipliibolips Eeinhardt.
V)b))l).— Thorax not robust. Species polished.
Sctitellum bifoveate ; radial vein reaching costal edge ; areolet and cubital vein very faint and occasionally obsolete ; radial area occa- .sionally obsolete ; radial area occasionally entirely closed ; antennfe and legs finely pubescent, autenuje long, subfiliform, 9 13-15, %
15-16-jointed (14) fKeiiroterus Hartig.
.\A. — Radial area closed.
Scutellum bifoveate ; ventral valve of 9 greatly elongated, pointed and shining; antennfe 9 14, % 15-jointed.. (2) Itho«lites Hartig.
t In Neuroterus aprilinus Giraud, the radial area is closed, and in two or three other European species in this genus it is partly closed, but all the American species known to me have an open radial area.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 63
My genus Dri/orhizo.renn,'^ and Befo)iocn.ema INIayr, are identical, and were described about the same time. While there can be no (ques- tion raised as to my having forwarded my descri|)tion for publication first, yet from correspondence with Dr. Mayr I find he has jjriority in pul)lication, and I have given his name the preference.
Sub-tamily III. — Inc^uilin^.
All the species in this group are termed guest fliies ; they are gal- livorous and live in the galls made by species of the former sub- family, from which they are hardly distinguishable.
The much larger second abdominal segment and tlie almost always closed radial area easily distinguish them.
The species in our fauna represent but four genera separated as follows :
Synoptic Table of the Genera.
A. — Radial area closed, scutellum bifoveate. b. — Face coarsely striate.
Thorax with distinct, almost parallel parapsidal grooves ; secoud abdominal segment occupying nearly the whole surface of abdomen, divided appar- ently by a very delicate, connate suture; ovipositor sheaths Y'ri>jecting above upper surface of abdomen ; antennse in 9 1~' % In-jointcd.
(2) C'froptres Hartig. Thorax with parapsidal grooves converging behind ; second abdominal seg- ment occupying the whole surface of abdomen : i)etiole striate, ovipositor sheaths not projecting; antenna- in 9 1-1. % 15-jointed, second joint in %
excised (.3) Syiiergiis Hartig.
bb. — Face not coarsely striate.
Thorax with parapsidal grooves delicate, converging behind ; second ab- dominal segment in 9 occupying nearly the whole surface of abdomen, in % subequal with third; ventral valve greatly projecting; ovipositor sheaths projecting; antennte 9 l~t % 14-jointed.
(1) Periclistiis Forster. AA. — Radial area open, scutellum broad, not foveate.
Thorax smooth, without parapsidal grooves ; secoud abdominal segment oc- cupying the whole surface of abdomen ; ovipositor sheaths not projecting; autennte with first joint very short, 9 13, % 14 -15-jointed.
(4) iiiapliolytu!^ Forster.
.Section II.— CRYPTOGAHTRI.
Sub-family IV. — All( )TRri x.t:.
In this grouji all the species are small, highly polished and closely allied to the Iiuiuilime ; tliey are, however, easily distinguished from that group by the subequal second and third abdominal segments and by their very lonir subfiliform. moniliform antennae.
(>4 W. H. ASHMEAD.
But two genera are represented in our fauna, all the species of which are parasitic on plant lice {A]>hi(h'd(v).
The genera may be separated by the following table:
Synoptic Table of the Genera.
A.— Scutellum i-ounded, smooth, convex, separated from niesonotum by a trans- verse groove ; no fovese ; head wider than thorax ; thorax ovoid, stout, without parapsidal grooves ; antennsB longer than the body, tiliforni, 9
13, % 14-joiuted (1) Allotria Westwood.
AA.— Scutellum rugose, not separated from the mesonotum by a transverse gi-oove, bifoveate ; head wider than thorax ; paraiisidal grooves almost parallel ; antennae filiform, not longer than body, 9 13- %> 14-joiuted.
(2) Aegilips Haliday.
Sub-family V. — Fioitix.e.
As in the preceding group the species in this sub-family are highly polished, but the abdomen is much longer and compressed, and the third segment of abdomen is the largest.
The species in our fauna represent five genera, which may be sep- arated by the following table :
Synoptic Table of the Genera.
A. — Scutellum ordinary, bifoveate.
Abdomen elongate, with .second and third segments almost equal ; petiole long or short, smooth; parapsidal grooves wanting; autenuje filiform,
slender 9 13, % 14-jointed (1) Anacharis Dalman.
Abdomen with third segment longest ; thorax smooth, striate at sides and very .slightly on disc, parapsidal grooves distinct; petiole short, fluted ; an-
tennse moniliform, in 9 13. % 14-jointed (5) Figites Latreille.
AA. — Scutellum armed with a blunt tooth or spined, bifoveate. Alidomen with the third segment the longest ; petiole short, striate ; thorax rugose or carinate ; parapsidal grooves distinct ; antennte moniliform
or filiform, 9 13, % 14-joiuted (2) Onyeliia Dalman.
AAA. — Scutellum cupuliform, bifoveate ; thorax without parapsidal grooves. Abdomen with the third segment occupying nearly the entire surface ; base of abdomen with a hairy girdle ; wings pubescent, often ciliate ; antennse moniliform, gradually iucrassated, 9 13, % 15-jointed.
(3) Eiicoila Westwood. Abdomen without hairy girdle at base ; scutellum unifoveate ; antennse as in Eucuihi, but with the three terminal joints suddenly thick.
(4) Kleidotoiua Westwood.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 65
A monograph of f lie speoies of C'HRTSOBOTHRIS inhabiting the United State*^.
BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D.
Since the publication of the " Revision of the Buprestidae of the United States," by Dr. LeConte (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xi, 1859), the species of Chrysobothri^ have remained practically undisturbed. There have been in the meantime but six species described, of which two are valid. The material has been allowed to accumulate in our cabinets until enough has been obtained to supply defects in the original series and to render it probable that veiy few more new spe- cies will be discovered. Nor has it appeared that science has seri- ously suffered by retaining many of the species more than twenty years without names, and it is highly probable that much unnecessary synonymy has been avoided by the aggregation of series, which at the same time indicate the great variability of many of our species and the real characters separating them. The publication of descrip- tions of isolated species in advance of any monographic work, or preparation for it, must necessarily be done at the risk of insuffi- ciency as important characters are frequently developed by serious study which are overlooked in the haste of descriptive work. Chryso- bothris is no exception, and the books are foil of descriptions, some of which having no value in themselves are useful merely in fixmg specific names in our literature until comparison places them in the grand crowd of synonyms. Our species have quite their shai'e of synonymy, jn'incipally due to Laporte and Gory ; for, of the twenty- two species mentioned by them together or by Gory in the supple- ment, l>ut five remain valid and one (errans) does not belong to our fauna, and it may be added that the figures in their work leave much to be desired and the descriptions are, for the most part, very insuffi- cient.
Anterior to the " Revision" above cited the species described by Laporte and Gory were made the subject of a special synonymical study by Dr. LeConte, and the results published in Proc. Acad. 1857, pp. 6-10, with approximately correct conclusions which were confirmed or corrected by studies of the types then in the possession of Count Mniszech, in Paris (Proc. Acad. 1873, pp. 330-333).
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC. (9) MARCH, 1886.
()6 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The types of the species described by Melsheimer were obtained by the Museum of Comparative^ Zo()h)gy at Cambridge, and for a long time were loaned to Dr. LeConte, many of them still remaining in his cabinet, now part of that Museum.
The species described by other authors anterior to the " Revision" are fcAV in number, and fortunately definitely known. Typical s])eci- mens of all the species described by LeConte are, with one exception, in his cabinet.
The few inunediately preceding remarks indicate the authority for the names which will be used for the sj^ecies in the f )llowing ])ages, while the work itself is based on an aggregation of material which it would be impossible at the ])resent time to equal.
During his life-time LeConte's cabinet and my own were used in conunon with the result of making them similar in the names of the species and by interchange of specimens as nearly equal as possible in numbers. I have already remarked that close monographic study usually develops previously unnoticed characters, and, as will be ob- served in the following pages, the exact definition of several of the species became somewhat uncertain. A renewed study of many of LeConte's types became necessary, and fi)r this possibility I must re- turn my thanks to the jMuseum of Comparative Zoology for the freedom with which they have permitted me to use not only these, but also all other material in their possession. The series in the National ^Museum at Washington has been kindly loaned me.
Among the personal friends who have assisted me by the loan of their entire collections Mr. Ulke, of Washhigton, requires sj)ecial mention, his series being very full and his specimens the perfection of neatness.
To Messrs. Edwards, Angell, Merkel and Reinecke, of New York, Fuller, of New Jersey, Pergande and Lugger, of Washington, Hen- shaw, and Blanchard of Massachusetts, Wilt and Wenzel, of this city, I am also indebted for the loan of smaller series which have been useful in their aggregation by indicating points of distribution not otherwise known. My own cabinet contains all the species with one exception.
Regarding the number of specimens examined — of thirty-three species, I have seen ten and over, in many cases hundreds, seven with five or six, five with three or four, one with two, while four only
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 67
are uniques. In the fifty species enumerated both sexes are described of forty-two, seven are known only by females, one by the male.
Having an unequaled oppoilunity in both the quality and quan- tity of material, it remains to be seen whether the results of my study, as given in the following pages, will make a really difficult subject comprehensible to others.
The genus as recognized in the following pages is in full accord with those who unite Chrysobothris and Colobogaster, the reasons for which have been aptly given by James Thomson, in " Typi Bupres- tidarum," App. 1, p. 40, and need not be repeated here further than to say that the size of the cavities for the articulation of the antennae is very variable in our species. The first joint of the hind tarsi is always as long as the next three, frequently much longer.
The general form of the species is variable, but the variation is not as great as in some genera, such as Psiloptera, which are truly lX)lymorijhic: For a better idea than can be given by description the reader is referred to the annexed sketches.
In the various synoptic tables some of the characters used are common to both sexes, others are purely sexual. In the first cate- gory are those found in the surface of the thorax, the anterior mar- gin of prosternum, the last ventral segment, and finally the clypeus.
The disc of the thorax may be regular and even, more or less equally punctured and without either grooves or irregular elevations, this is illustrated in the first six species on Plate ii and others on Plates vi-vii. The irregular disc, that is with grooves or irregular callosities and with usually uneven punctuation, is by far the most abundant form, and, in our fauna, more characteristic of the genus, see Plates iii and iv.
The anterior margin of the prosternum may be lobed or truncate, neither character being ])eculiar to any of the groups into which I have divided our species. The truncate prosternum occurs in den- tipe^, trinervia and the related species as well as elsewhere, the form is illustrated by diagram fig. 98. In those species in which the pros- ternum is lobed in front, the lobe varies greatly in form and size — from a simple arcuation of the middle of the front margin (fig. 99) to an abrupt, well developed projection (fig. 22).
68 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The last ventral segment by the character of its lateral margins enables us to divide the genus into two primary series. In the first the margins are distinctly serrulate, sometimes strongly so, occasion- ally simply crenulate, many illustrations will be found on Plates ii to V. In the second series the lateral margins are not serrulate, as shown on Plates vi-vii, although in two species, cerea and Ubonoti (figs. 175-176 and 195-196), the margin is interrupted beyond the middle.
The firm of the clypeus appears to have escaped observation, or at least description by nearly every author, and no one seems to have attached the importance to it which it deserves. The usual emar- gination of the clypeus is triangular or oval, the broader the emar- gination the more shallow it becomes. There are, however, several curious forms as shown in figures 12, 81, 36, 46, which are, with the exception of 36, restricted to a single species in each case. Other modifications probably occur in exotic forms and will doubtless be more accurately observed in the future.
Modifications of structure dependant on sex are very numerous, and occur in many parts of the body and its members. Descriptions are given as fully as necessary under each species and many of them illustrated on the plates, so that but little more than a few general remarks will be here given.
Form of body. — There is but little diflTerence in the sexes except that the male is often more slender and the female more convex.
Head. — This varies in form, color, sculpture and pubescence.
Fortn. — The front of the male is usually nnich flatter, the female more convex.
Color. — Frequently the male head is green, while that of the female is aeneous or cupreous.
Sculpture. — In the majority of species the front is much more densely and finely punctured and the callosities indistinct or want- ing in the male, while in the female the punctures are coarser and sparser and the callosities prominent. It is rare that the callosities are more prominent in the male, while in a small number of species the front is similarly (that is, coarsely and sparsely) punctured in both sexes.
Pubescence. — In those species with a very flat front that portion is quite densely pubescent in the male and scarcely so in the female.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. ^ 69
Antenn.e. — These difter in form and color.
Form. — The only instance of variation of form occurs in group viii, in which the only known male has the lower edge doubly serrate (fig. 238). In the females of this group the lower edge of the an- tennae is broader than in the species of the preceding series.
Color. — The most common difference is that the male antennae are brighter in color, green or cupreous, while in the female they are bronze or piceous. In acutipennis joints four to eleven of the male antennae are more or less testaceous, in the $ bronze.
Prosternum. — It is quite common to find the same differences in the prosternum as have been observed in the front, that is, more densely punctured and finely pubescent % , or more coarsely and sparsely punctured and less pubescent 9 . It is, however, not rarely that both sexes are similar and have coarse, sj^arse punctuation, or the prosternum may be very nearly smooth.
Legs. — The femora show no perceptible differences in the two sexes, except that in the males they are slightly stouter. The tooth is similar.
Tihixe. — The differences between the two sexes is usually very well marked. In the female the tibia is at most feebly arcuate without apical dilatation or tooth or serration on the inner edge. In two species, aziirea (221) and atrifaseiata (242), the tibiae are so nearly alike in the sexes that the difierences might readily escape observa- tion, and in libonoti (197) they do not differ at all. In the males the anterior tibiae are always more or less arcuate, and in one species impressa (202) angularly bent. A comparatively small num- ber of species have the anterior tibiae serrulate on the inner margin, and in these it will be observed that the aj^ical dilatation is either feeble or null. Those with the tooth at a greater or less distance below the middle are even less numerous. The apical dilatation is of very variable form and size, as will be seen on the accompanying sketches. The middle tibiae show much less variation, but in floricola (50) they are distinctly sinuate, in a few other species the tip is slightly thickened, while in femorata and Merkelii they are nearly as serrulate as the anterior tibiae. In a large number the middle tibia S is arcuate, but much less than the anterior, while in the $ it is usually straight. In but one species, scabripennis, the posterior tibia % is arcuate.
70 GEO. H. HORN, M. 1).
Last Ventral Segment. — In all our species the last ventral segment is emarginate in the male, but variable in extent among the species, from the deep quadrangular ncjtch of rjemmata (180) or acufipeiuiis (190) to the feeble arcuate truncation of chrijmela (229), seitH/it{2o4) or atrifcisciata (240). It is not often that the disc is carinate in the male, and then the carina is short, and never entire, as in the female. The disc is more commonly broadly sulcate at middle as in Merkelii (185) or aentipe)tiiis (190). The last ventral of the female is rarely as deeply emarginate as in its male, analis (210), usually much less so and quite often truncate as in acvtipennis (191) or geimnata (181), sometimes more or less sinuate as in chri/soela (230), scihda (235) or utrifasciata (241). The tridentate form of apex is rare, libonotl (196). Many modifications of the emarginate type will be observed in the sketches. The disc is often strongly carinate in the female, the carina extending from the base to the apex as in octocola (9), gemmata (181) or Merkelii (186). The last dorsal segment often differs in the sexes, principally in sculpture, the punctuation in the female being coarser and deeper than in the male. It will, however, be observed that in feiuomta the last dorsal of female is carinate at middle, a deep fovea on each side.
From the preceding remarks, which have been condensed as much as possible, it will be seen that modifications of a purely sexual im- port occur in many portions of the body, which can be utilized in more accurately defining species. The form, color and sculpture of species are often so variable that two specimens of different species will more closely resemble each other superficially than other indi- viduals of the species to which they belong. This is especially ob- servable in the trinervia series, where recourse to sexual characters is the only means of separating the closely allied members.
The species of Chrysobothris are so numerous in our fauna that they may be best understood by dividing them into groups. The primary division adopted is practically that i)roposed by Dr. LeConte in his Revision, with such modifications as have been rendered neces- sary by the increased material. It nnist not be supposed that these " groups" are such natural divisions that they have equal value, they are merely adopted for convenience, and those who study the species will find many points of resemblance between members of widely separated grou])s, e. g. femoratu and ^ie.vsi g imta.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 71
The following is the scheme :
Lateral margiu of last ventral segment serrulate (3-171).
Disc of thorax even, without fovese or callosities (1-25) Group I.
Disc of thorax irregular, median line more or less sulcate, often with callosi- ties (30-164). Anterior tibife % arcuate and serrulate within ; clypeus acutely notched at
middle, semi-circularly arcuate each side (30-34) Group II.
Anterior tibise % arcuate and with a tooth near the tip (35-65).... Group III. Anterior tibise % more or less arcuate, dilated at tip (66-172).
Form depressed (66-145) Group IV.
Form subcylindrical, slightly pubescent (150-169) ' Group V.
Lateral margin of last ventral segment not serrulate, rarely interrupted (175 -246).
Elytra acuminate at tip (173-193) Group VI.
Elytra obtuse and serrulate at tip (198-244).
Elytra with either costse or discal fovete, sometimes with l)oth (198-232).
Group VII. Elytra without cost» or discal fovese (237-244) Group VIII.
The numbers in the tiible refer to the figures cm the accompanying plates, the numbering being continuous for greater ease and ceilainty of reference. Regarding the figures on the plates it must be remem- bered that while many of the species are practically constant in sculpture, others are greatly variable. Every figure represents the sculpture of the specimen in hand at the time, that one being chosen which seemed most closely to represent the average sculpture.
Group I.
In this group we now have six species, two of these were so placed by Dr. LeConte, and I have added four others, three being for the first time here described, Avhile the other had been placed in the series with the disc of thorax unequal. Five of them agree in having the thorax gradually narrowed to base, very feebly so in purpureovittata. In Edirardsii, howevei', the thorax is broader at base and the sides irregular. All agree in having the prosternum lobed in front, very feebly in the larger species and quite prominently in the smaller forms.
The following table will assist in separating the species :
Larger species ; the elytral costfe very distinctly elevated ; prosternal lobe rela- tively feeble ; ventral segments with distinct lateral callosities. Clypeus broadly emarginate.
Middle and posterior femora % and 9 coarsely serrate on their posterior
edges 1. atabalipa.
Middle a^id posterior femora simple 2. octocola.
Clypeus semi-circularly emarginate and with a tooth each side.
3. EdwaiHlsii.
72 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
Smaller species ; the elytral costje either entirely obliterated or very faintly in- dicated ; prosternal lobe very well marked ; ventral segments without lateral callosities. Sides of thorax arcuately narrowing to base ; sides of ventral segments densely punctate and rather densely clothed with tine recumbent pu- bescence. Elytra with first costa faintly indicated and with indistinct discal fovea?.
4. (lebilis. Elytra without trace of costse or foveas ; a large cupreous humeral space.
5. axillaris. Sides of thorax straight and almost parallel ; abdomen sparsely punctate and not pubescent. Elytra without trace of costse. or fovea; ; usually blue or green, with a me- dian purple-black vitta, surface shining 6. purpureovittata.
These species are all from the southwestern regions of our territory. The serration of the femora in atabaUpa is a remarkable character and has not been observed in any other species in our fauna.
1. C atabalipa Lap. et Gory. — Form elongate, depressed, gradually nar- rower posteriorly fr(jm the humeri ; color above dark bronze, feebly shining, be- neath more brilliant; antennse metallic green, the margins of the joints coppery, joint three nearly as long as the next two, joints four to eleven gradually nar- rower ; front flat, very densely punctate, occiput carinate ; clypeus very broadly emarginatc ; thorax widest one-fourth from apex, in front of which the sides are obliquely narrowed, posteriorly nearly straight and much less oblique, hind an- gles distinct; disc moderately and regularly convex, without depressions, the punctuation at middle rather fine, but not close, becoming coarser, denser and more rugose at the sides ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, humeri rounded, sides very gradually convergent posteriorly, the margin serrate from middle, the apices separately rounded, the sutural angle slightly spiuiform ; surface moder- ately, coarsely and densely punctate, a moderately deep fovea at middle of base, a feebler one near the humeri and three on the disc of each elytron, one in front of middle interrupting the second costa, the second behind the middle and more external, the third between the first and second costse ; the first costa is well marked and extends from the apical margin two-thirds to base, the second may or may not attain the apical margin and extends nearly to base, terminating in the humeral fovea, third costa obsolete ; prosternum slightly lobed in front, the .surface brilliant metallic seneous, smooth along the middle, more coarsely punc- tured in front and at the sides, the pleurse densely coarsely punctured ; metas- ternum and abdomen brilliant seneous, with coppery reflections, the punctures sparse at middle, coarser and closer at the sides, posterior margins of the seg- ments smooth, ventral segments with their angles acute, segments two to five with a smooth tubercde at the sides, more elevated and spiuiform on the last seg- ment ; last segment with the lateral margin serrate, a subniarginal groove ; legs punctate, wneous, with cupreous reflections. Length .56 -.86 inch; 14 -22 mm. (Fig. 1.)
Male. — Front flat, without tubercles, finely pubescent ; anterior tfluai (5) arcu- ate, scarcely broader at tip, and with about four obtuse teeth on the inner edge near the tip ; middle tibige slightly arcuate, obtusely four to five dentate within ;
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 73
posterior tibise straight ; prosteriium smooth at middle, pubescent at the sides ; last ventral segment (3) deeply, almost senii-circularly emarginate ; last dorsal with serrate margin, slightly notched at middle.
Female. — Front slightly convex, sparsely pubescent, an arcuate ridge above each antennal fossa and a chevron at middle above ; anterior tibiaj arcuate, not serrate within ; middle tibise feebly arcuate, not serrate ; posterior tibise straight ; prosternum smooth at middle, very slightly hairy at the sides ; last ventral seg- ment (4) carinate at middle, ajiex sinuately truncate, with the angles slightly acute ; last dorsal truncate and broadly emarginate, carinate, the edges feebly serrate.
Ill both sexes the anterior femora are rather obtusely toothed, the tooth serrate on its entire edge ; the posterior edge of the lower side of both the middle and posterior femora is coarsely serrate in its entire extent. The first ventral segment is broadly sulcate at middle, the following segments flattened.
There seems to be very little variation in this species. Usually the first and second elytral costaj are alone distinct ; in some specimens, however, there are traces of the third and fourth near the apex.
Occurs in Texas and Mexico.
2. C oetooola Lee. — Form moderately elongate, subdepressed, narrower at apical third ; color above dark olive bronze or slightly reddish, feebly shining, beneath seneous, the median line greenish or slightly bluish ; front rather flat, coarsely, densely punctured, with two chevrons in 9 which are very indistinct or absent % ; clyjieus broadly but not deeply emarginate ; thorax nearly twice as wide as long, slightly wider between the basal than the apical angles, widest one-third from apex, where the sides are angulate then straight and slightly nar- rowing to base ; disc regularly convex without depressions or elevations, coarsely but not densely punctate at middle, very densely and rugosely at the sides ; ely- tra wider than the thorax, parallel in front, narrowing at apical third, the me- dian basal depression deep, with a golden spot, humeral depression feeble ; three discal golden fovese on each elji;ron, the first one-third from base intermixing the second costa ; the second one-third from apex interrupting the third costa ; the third one-fourth from apex between the first and second costse ; the first ely- tral costa elevated, extending three-fourths to base, the second longer, but less distinct, third short, fourth feebly indicated ; surface coarsely and densely punc- tured except near the scutellum ; lateral margin serrate in nearly its entire ex- tent, the apices separately rounded ; body beneath much more shining than above and metallic seneous or cupreous, coarsely but very sparsely punctate, each ven- tral segment with a smooth triangular umbone ; prosternum very slightly lobed in front. Length .40 - .60 inch ; 10 - 15 mm. ( Fig. 6. )
Male. — Head green, chevrons usually wanting, at most but one present; an- tennae metallic green, the joints four to eleven gradually narrower; anterior femora (10) stout, strongly toothed, the tooth serrate on its distal edge ; anterior tibia arcuate, not broader at tip, with about five fine denticulations on the inner side; middle tibise slightly arcuate, the inner edge denticulate, the posterior straight ; prosternum smooth at middle, coarsely punctured at the sides ; last ventral (8) segment nearly semi-circularly emarginate, an intra-marginal serrate edge ; last dorsal coarsely not closely punctate, a slight notch at apex.
TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, (10) MARCH, 1886.
74 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
Female. — Front seneous or cupreous, more couvex, usually witli two chevrons and sometimes a smooth median line in front ; antennae darker and less metallic than in the male ; prosternum smooth at middle as in the male ; anterior femur as in the male but less stout, the tibia less ai'cuate and not denticulate ; middle tibia nearly straight, the posterior straight; last ventral segment (9) carinate at middle, the apex truncate, with a slight tooth at middle, the angles prominent; an intra-marginal serrate ridge ; last dorsal coarsely and densely punctate, strongly carinate at middle and distinctly emarginate at apex.
In both sexes the first ventral segment is vaguely sulcate. There have been no variations of moment observed in this species. On comparison with ntabalipa its form is less elongate, the golden fovese more evident and the emargination of the front rounded at bottom.
Occurs in Texas, Arizona, California and in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
3. C Kdwm'tlNii u. sp. — Form rather robust, moderately convex, piceous, with faint bronze lustre on the elytra, more shining on the head and thorax, be- neath coppery bronze; head densely punctured; clypeus (12) deeply, semi-circu- larly emarginate at middle, on ,eaeh side dentiform ; anteuuse piceous, feebly bronzed, third joint a little shorter than the next two, joints four to eleven grad- ually narrower ; thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides feebly arcuate, sinuate at middle, obliquely narrowing at apex, and slightly arcuately narrowing at base, disc regularly convex, without callosities or depressions, coarsely punc- tate, rather sparsely at middle, more densely and transversely wrinkled at the sides; elytra very little wider than the thorax, very little more than twice as long as wide, arcuately narrowing at apical third, the lateral margin serrate ; the sutural margin elevated two-thirds to base, the first costa sharply elevated three-fourths to base, the second nearly as long, the third less distinct, the fourth very distinct in its apical half; the basal fovea deep, the humeral depression dis- tinct, the discal fovea; existing in a faint trace, the inner about one-fourth from the apex between the first and second costse, the second more anterior, interrupt- ing the third costa ; intervals between the costte moderately, densely and very regularly punctate ; body beneath coarsely and moderately densely punctured, the ventral segments one to five with a smooth umbone at the sides. Length .45 inch ; 11.5 mm. (Fig. 11.)
3Iale. — Unknown.
Female. -Front cupreous, convex, with two chevrons in the form of an inverted V ; prosternum broadly smooth at middle, coarsely punctured at the sides ; an- terior tibije slightly arcuate, the middle and posterior straight ; last ventral seg- ment (13) nearly semi-circular, with a very feeble notch at tip, the margin ser- rate ; a distinct submarginal line, within which is a feebly serrate elevation.
The prosternum is very distinctly lobed in front and the tooth of the anterior femur is serrate along its entire outer edge from the apex.
At first glance this species resembles some of the more robust forms of femorata. It is, however, easily known from any other species in our fauna by the form of the clypeus which seems peculiar.
Occurs at Tucson, Arizona ; Henry Edwards.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 75
4. C. clebilis Lee. — Form moderately elongate, slightly convex, dark brown- ish bronze, sometimes slightly feneous, sides of thorax usually broadly, bright cu- preous ; antennse bright cupreous % or piceous 9 > gradually more slender to the tip, the third joint as long as the next two ; front slightly convex, densely punctate, more finely and more distinctly pubescent in the male, two distinct callosities, the occipital carina sometimes bifurcate on the vertex ; clypeus with a moderately deep oval emargination at middle arcuate each side ; thorax one and a half times as wide as long, the base slightly narrower than the apex, the sides arcuate, broadest at apical third, disc moderately convex, surface regular, without median or other grooves or callosities, the punctuation a little variable, usually not dense, some- times indistinct, but with distinct transverse strigse ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, parallel, narrowed at apical third, the margins serrulate, the apices obtuse ; first costa elevated near the apex, the others indicated by smooth lines, more or less distinct, and usually interrupted ; basal fovea distinct but not deep, two fovefe at apical third sometimes confluent, another in front of middle on the second costal line, surface moderately closely punctured, more densely near the base ; body beneath dark bronze, rather densely punctured, the sides of the ven- tral segments densely and finely punctured and rather densely clothed with white pubescence, the middle of the segments more coarsely and sparsely punc- tured, a narrow space on each side of sutures two, three and four smooth and shining; prosternum with a well defined lobe in front; anterior femur with a moderately large, serrate tooth ; margin of last ventral segment serrulate. Length ,20 -..32 inch : 5-8 mm. (Fig, 15.)
Hale. — Prosternum flat, densely, finely punctured and pubescent ; anterior tibia (19) arcuate and with a short dilatation at apex ; middle and posterior tibiae straight; last ventral segment (17) senii-circularly emarginate ; last dorsal coarsely punctate, triangularly emarginate at apex.
Female. — Prosternum flat, more coarsely punctured and less pubescent than the male; anterior tibia slightly arcuate, the middle and posterior straight; last ventral (18* truncate, slightly emarginate; last dorsal coarsely punctate, entire.
While this species is rather inconspicuous in appearance it is as easy to recognize as any in our fauna by the very well defined pros- ternal lohe, the densely finely punctured sides of the abdomen with the white pubescence and the elytral sculpture. I have examined the types of debilis and dl^jnncta and find no appreciable difference. They were originally described from uniques, but I have recently examined more than twenty specimens. The elytral foveas are often consjiicuously cupreous ; in the majority of specimens not so.
Occurs in Ohio (LeConte), Texas, Arizona and southern California.
5, C axillaris n, sp, — Form moderately elongate, not very convex, nearly as in debilis, but broader ; color dark brownish bronze, the basal fovea of the elytra and large humeral space, bright coppei-y red ; autennse more slender to the tip, piceous, second joint as long as the next two ; front very slightly convex, coarsely, closely punctate, two small tuberosities and a feeble chevron above ; clypeus with a moderately deep oval emargination, arcuate each side ; thorax twice as wide as long, base and apex equal, sides slightly irregularly arcuate, disc moderately convex, without depressions or callosities, the surface rather sparsely
76 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
punctured at middle ; more densely at the sides ; elytra wider than the thorax, parallel, arcuately narrowed at apical third, the margins serrate, the apices oh- tuse, disc moderately convex, basal fovea distinct and bright cupreous, the first costa faintly indicated behind the middle by a smooth line, the surface densely punctured, more sparsely toward the suture and posteriorly; body beneath nearly black, densely punctured, the ventral segments very densely punctulate at the sides and clothed with fine white pubescence, at middle much more coarsely punctured, the basal margins of the last three segments smooth, the terminal segment with the margins serrulate ; prosternum very distinctly lobed in front ; anterior femur with a moderately large tooth, serrate in its distal edge. Length .31 inch; 8mm. (Fig. 20.)
Male. — Unknown.
Female. — Prosternum flat, densely and coarsely, almost cribrately punctured ; anterior tibia (24) slightly arcuate, the middle and posterior straight ; last ventral segment (23) with a very small, semi-circular notch at tip.
This species is closely allied by its prosternal lobe and the punc- tuation of the abdomen to debilis, but ditt'ers from that species in the almost total absence of elytral sculpture excepting the punctuation. The ventral punctuation is also different, as the densely punctured lateral region extends more to the middle and the median region is more coarsely and closely punctate. The anterior tibi?e are bright coppery red, Avhile the large humeral space is quite conspicuous.
One specimen, southern Arizona ; two from Texas a little more brilliantly colored.
6. C. purpiireovittata n. sp.— Form moderately elongate, feebly de- pressed, color bright blue or green, varying to violet or coppery bronze, each ely- tron with a moderately broad purple-black vitta extending from the humeri nearly to the tip, indistinct on the violet or bronze species, surface rather shin- ing; antennfe cupreous, gradually more slender to the tip, the third joint very little longer than the fourth ; front slightly convex, moderately densely punc- tured, a slight arcuate carina near the top , clypeus rather broadly triangularly emarginate, the notch oval at bottom, on each side arcuate , thorax about one and a half times as wide as long, the sides straight and very slightly convergent to base, anterior angles slightly rounded, disc moderately convex, surface regular without inequalities, punctuation rather sparse at middle, den.ser and very slightly strigose near the sides ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, parallel, very slightly wider behind the middle, apical third rather obliquely narrowed, the margin relatively coarsely serrate, the apices obtuse ; surface equal, without costse or foveas, except the usual basal fovea and a moderate intra-humeral de- pression, surface rather finely not closely, but quite evenly punctate ; body be- neath similar in color to the upper surface, rather sparsely punctate, the ventral segments without callosities, the margin of the last distinctly serrulate ; pros- ternum very distinctly lobed in front; anterior femur with a small, very acute tooth and a few denticulations more externally. Length .22- .29 inch ; 5.5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 25.)
Male. — Prosternum slightly convex, a little more coarsely and closely punctured than the elytra; anterior tibia (29) slightly arcuate, a short and leather narrow
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. / /
dilatation at apex ; middle and posterior tibiae straight ; last ventral segment (27) semi-circularly emargiuate ; last dorsal coarsely, sparsely punctate, slightly notched at middle.
Female. — Presternum as in the male ; anterior tibia very slightly arcuate, the others straight ; last ventral (28) sinuately truncate ; last dorsal coarsely punc- tate, the apex entire.
In the bright blue or green specimens the extreme margin of the thorax as well as the entire lateral margin of the body beneath and the femora are bright cupreous. The brightly cplored specimens with the more distinct blackish vitta are very pretty and easily known, the darker forms by their color and form resemble seitiUa at first glance.
Occurs in Indiana, Illinois, Kansas and Texas, the latter region being most numerously represented.
Group II.
The group here separated is characterized by having the disc of the thorax irregular, more or less sulcate at middle, the last ventral segment with serrulate margin. The clypeus is acutely incised at middle, semi-circular each side and it may be aptly compared to two semi-circles tangent with their diameters continuous. The anterior tibiae of the male are arcuate, the inner edge multi-denticulate and the middle tibiae are similar. The form of the two pairs of tibise is repeated in sexdgnata which has also a similar clypeus, but more broadly emarginate, but the last ventral segment has the lateral margin entire.
There is but one species known which can be referred to this group, but what the group lacks in number is made up in the variation of that one species and is without parallel in our series.
7. €-. foinoratst Fab. — Form oblong, sometimes slightly robust or moder- ately elongate, usually of dark bronze surface, but sometimes slightly brassy, cupreous, or rarely seneous ; antennse serrate from the fourth joint and gradually more slender to the tip, the third joint a little longer than the next two; green- ish % or cupreous 9 ; front rather flat % or slightly convex 9 ^^d ^Jth a chevron in both sexes and other callosities 9 ; clypeus (31) at middle acutely notched, on each side semi-circular ; thorax more than twice as wide as long, widest slightly behind the apex, the sides somewhat irregular, slightly narrowed at base ; disc irregular, an indistinct median depression, a deeper depression pos- terior to and parallel with the apical margin, with other irregular depressions near the side ; surface rather coarsely punctured less densely at middle, more densely and deeply at the sides ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, sides nearly parallel, gradually narrowed at apical third, the margin serrate, the apices obtuse ; disc feebly convex, the sculpture very variable, usually with the first
78 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
and second costfe distinct near tlie apex, and with two fovese on each side, which are transverse in form, the tirst a little in front of middle, the second one-third from apex, the basal depression father feeble, the surface otherwise coarsely and near the sides conflueutly punctured ; body beneath more shining than above and more metallic, usually more or less greenish in the % or cupreous 9 , the surface coarsely but not densely punctured, the ventral segments with a trian- gular umlxnie on each side ; presternum not lobed in front, the surface coarsely punctured at the sides and with a smooth broad line at middle, hairy in the % ; anterior femur with a rather broad, obtuse tooth, the entire margin of which is serrate. Length .28- .64 inch ; 7- 16 mm. (Fig. 30.)
Male. — Front usually green, hairy ; anterior tibise (34) arcuate, slightly dilated at tip, the inner margin with small teeth, usually five, sometimes more, rarely serrulate ; middle tibise arcuate, the inner margin serrulate, except near the base; iiosterior tibite straight; last ventral segment (32) with the margin serru- late, a submarginal depression, the apex semi-circularly emarginate ; last dorsal segment coarsely, sparsely punctate, the apical border emarginate.
Female. — Front cupreous, never green, not hairy; anterior tibiae arcuate, slightly broader at tip, not serrate or toothed internally ; middle tibive slightly arcuate, inner margin simple ; posterior tibiae straight; last ventral segment (33) more elongate than in the male, the apex broadly but feebly emai-ginate, the angles sometimes slightly prominent; last dorsal strongly carinate at middle, the apex truncate.
As might be expected Avith a species of such wide distriliution the variations in aspect and in sculpture are very great, but with a large series the specific identity of all the forms is easily demonstrable. The essential characters of the speckles remain the same through all its variations and may be summarized as follows ; last ventral seg- ment with serrulate margin ; thorax with irregular surface ; clypeus acutely notched at middle and semi-circular each side; anterior tibias of male slightly dilated at tip, the inner side denticulate.
The form of the clypeus is peculiar to the s])ecies, the only ap- proach to a similarity being in sexdg}iata, which has the margin of the last ventral simple. The variations of sculpture have given rise to the descriptions of many of the forms under different specific names, the most important of which will be briefly noted.
C. Alabamce Gory. — This is the larger and more robust form oc- curring in the Gulf States. The sculpture is quite coarse, but the elytral costae are hardly indicated. The fovefe